Cheng Zhu¹, Rodger P. McEver²

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 91-104, 2005, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2005.002.091

Abstract Force can shorten the lifetimes of receptor-ligand bonds by accelerating their dissociation. Perhaps paradoxical at first glance, bond lifetimes can also be prolonged by force. This counterintuitive behavior was named catch bonds, which is in contrast to the ordinary slip bonds that describe the intuitive behavior of lifetimes being shortened by force. Fifteen years after their theoretical proposal, catch bonds have finally been observed. In this article we review recently published data that have demonstrated catch bonds in the selectin system and suggested catch bonds in other systems, the theoretical models for their explanations, and their function as a mechanism… More >

Wen Tian¹, Xiaopeng Ji^1,*, Weiwei Liu¹, Guangjie Liu¹, Rong Lin^1,2, Jiangtao Zhai³, Yuewei Dai³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.60, No.1, pp. 193-211, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05290

Abstract Cyber-physical system (CPS) is an advanced system that integrats physical processes, computation and communication resources. The security of cyber-physical systems has become an active research area in recent years. In this paper, we focus on defensive strategies against network attacks in CPS. We introduce both low- and highinteraction honeypots into CPS as a security management tool deliberately designed to be probed, attacked and compromised. In addition, an analysis resource constraint is introduced for the purpose of optimizing defensive strategies against network attacks in CPS. We study the offensive and defensive interactions of CPS and model the offensive and defensive process… More >

Michely Laís de Oliveira^1,*, Marcio Augusto Villela Pinto², Simone de Fátima Tomazzoni Gonçalves², Grazielli Vassoler Rutz³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.117, No.2, pp. 251-270, 2018, DOI:10.31614/cmes.2018.04237

Abstract Studies of problems involving physical anisotropy are applied in sciences and engineering, for instance, when the thermal conductivity depends on the direction. In this study, the multigrid method was used in order to accelerate the convergence of the iterative methods used to solve this type of problem. The asymptotic convergence factor of the multigrid was determined empirically (computer aided) and also by employing local Fourier analysis (LFA). The mathematical model studied was the 2D anisotropic diffusion equation, in which ε > 0 was the coefficient of a nisotropy. The equation was discretized by the Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Central… More >

S. Masuri¹, K. K. Tamma²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.106, No.3, pp. 147-168, 2015, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2015.106.147

Abstract The objective in this paper is to extend the previously developed twoparameter GS4-1 (Generalized Single System Single Solve for 1st order transient systems) computational framework from parabolic to hyperbolic type of applications pertaining to first order linear transient systems. In particular, attention is paid to the selective control feature inherit in the framework, which is the new feature that enables different amounts of high frequency damping for the primary variable and its time derivative, allowing for physically accurate solutions of all variables in the system. This is in contrast to having only limited, often indiscriminate, control of the high frequency… More >

Farzad Ebrahimi^1,2, Erfan Salari¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.105, No.2, pp. 151-181, 2015, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2015.105.151

Abstract In this paper, a semi-analytical method is presented for free vibration and buckling analysis of functionally graded (FG) size-dependent nanobeams based on the physical neutral axis position. It is the first time that a semi-analytical differential transform method (DTM) solution is developed for the FG nanobeams vibration and buckling analysis. Material properties of FG nanobeam are supposed to vary continuously along the thickness according to the power-law form. The physical neutral axis position for mentioned FG nanobeams is determined. The small scale effect is taken into consideration based on nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen. The nonlocal equations of motion are… More >

Da-Guang Zhang^1,2, Hao-Miao Zhou¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.100, No.3, pp. 201-222, 2014, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2014.100.201

Abstract A model of FGM beams resting on nonlinear elastic foundations is put forward by physical neutral surface and high-order shear deformation theory. Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent and von Kármán strain-displacement relationships are adopted. Nonlinear bending and thermal postbuckling are given by multi-term Ritz method, and influences played by different supported boundaries, thermal environmental conditions, different elastic foundations, and volume fraction index are discussed in detail. It is worth noting that the effect of nonlinear elastic foundation increases with increasing deflection. More >

Cheng-Yu Ku¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.96, No.6, pp. 409-434, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2013.096.409

Abstract This paper proposes a novel method, named the dynamical Jacobianinverse free method (DJIFM), with the incorporation of a two-sided equilibrium algorithm for solving ill-conditioned systems of linear equations with extreme physical property contrasts. The DJIFM is based on the construction of a scalar homotopy function for transforming the vector function of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations into a time-dependent scalar function by introducing a fictitious time-like variable. The DJIFM demonstrated great numerical stability for solving linear or nonlinear algebraic equations, particularly for systems involving ill-conditioned Jacobian or poor initial values that cause convergence problems. With the incorporation of a newly… More >

Chein-Shan Liu¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 77-90, 2006, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2006.014.077

Abstract In this paper we derive the first-order and second-order one-step GPS applied to the estimation of thermophysical properties. Solving the resultant algebraic equations, which usually converges within ten iterations, it is not difficult to estimate the unknown temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and heat capacity simultaneously, if some supplemented data of measured temperature at a time T is provided. When the measured temperature in the conducting slab is contaminated by noise, our estimated results are also good. The new method does not require any prior information on the functional forms of thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Numerical examples are examined to show… More >

Zhen Luo^1,2, Nong Zhang^1,3, Yu Wang¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.83, No.1, pp. 73-96, 2012, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2012.083.073

Abstract This paper aims to present a physically meaningful level set method for shape and topology optimization of structures. Compared to the conventional level set method which represents the design boundary as the zero level set, in this study the boundary is embedded into non-zero constant level sets of the level set function, to implicitly implement shape fidelity and topology changes in time via the propagation of the discrete level set function. A point-wise nodal density field, non-negative and value-bounded, is used to parameterize the level set function via the compactly supported radial basis functions (CSRBFs) at a uniformly defined set… More >

Patrícia C.T. Gonçalves^1,2, João Manuel R.S. Tavares^1,2, R.M. Natal Jorge^1,3

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 45-56, 2008, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2008.032.045

Abstract The main goals of the present work are to automatically extract the contour of an object and to simulate its deformation using a physical approach. In this work, to segment an object represented in an image, an initial contour is manually defined for it that will then automatically evolve until it reaches the border of the desired object. In this approach, the contour is modelled by a physical formulation using the finite element method, and its temporal evolution to the desired final contour is driven by internal and external forces. The internal forces are defined by the intrinsic characteristics of… More >