Bo Su¹, Mwansa Chambalile¹, Shihao He¹, Wan Sun², Enyuan Zhang¹, Tong Guo³, Jianming Hao⁴, Md. Mahbub Alam^5,*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.076681 - 06 February 2026

Abstract Predicting the precise impacts of climate change on extreme winds remains challenging, yet strong storms are widely expected to occur more frequently in a warming climate. Wind barriers are commonly used on bridges to reduce aerodynamic loads on trains through blocking effects. This study develops a novel wind barrier based on Tesla valves, which not only blocks incoming flow but also dissipates mechanical energy through fluid collision. To demonstrate this energy-dissipation capability, a Tesla plate is placed in a circular duct to examine its influence on pressure drop. Experimental tests and numerical simulations comparing a… More >

Wonkyu Yi, Jongseok Park^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.073450 - 30 January 2026

Abstract Understanding plant responses under low-pressure conditions is important for developing closed cultivation systems that simulate space environments. This study aimed to assess the effects of different pressure levels on growth, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolite accumulation in red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. ‘Super Caesar’s Red’). Plants were cultivated for three weeks in sealed chambers under 101 kPa (atmospheric pressure), 66 kPa (moderate low pressure), and 33 kPa (severe low pressure). Growth analysis showed that leaf length and leaf area decreased significantly with reduced pressure, while chlorophyll content and SPAD values increased gradually. Photosynthetic measurements indicated More >

Hussain H. Al-Kayiem^1,*, Safaa M. Ali², Sundus S. Al-Azawiey³, Raed A. Jessam³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073303 - 27 January 2026

Abstract Gas Turbines are among the most important energy systems for aviation and thermal-based power generation. The performance of gas turbine intakes with S-shaped diffusers is vulnerable to flow separation, reversal flow, and pressure distortion, mainly in aggressive S-shaped diffusers. Several methods, including vortex generators and energy promoters, have been proposed and investigated both experimentally and numerically. This paper compiles a review of experimental investigations that have been performed and reported to mitigate flow separation and restore system performance. The operational principles, classifications, design geometries, and performance parameters of S-shaped diffusers are presented to facilitate the… More > Graphic Abstract

Najiba Hasan Hamad^1,*, Ranj Sirwan Abdullah², Ahmed Mohammed Adham²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073377 - 27 December 2025

Abstract Coiled tube heat exchangers are widely preferred in shell structures due to their superior heat transfer performance, driven by favorable flow characteristics. This study investigates the effect of modifying coil and shell configurations on heat transfer efficiency. Two key enhancements were examined: adding fins to the outer coil surface and integrating longitudinal slots within a hollowed shell. These modifications promote turbulence and extend heat transfer duration, thereby improving performance. However, they also introduce challenges, including increased pressure loss and manufacturing complexity. Numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2024R1 under identical boundary conditions. With a… More > Graphic Abstract

M. Tariq^1,2,*, R. Ahmed^1,2, S. A. Tahir¹, B. U. Haq³, F. K. Butt⁴, M. W. Majeed¹, A. Hussain¹

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.12, pp. 1067-1079, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.2212.1067 - 11 December 2025

Abstract The two-dimensional IV-monochalcogenides, such as lead sulfide (PbS), lead selenide (PbSe), and lead telluride (PbTe), represent a promising class of materials known for their remarkable optoelectronic properties. The calculated binding energies for the puckered phase were –4.25 eV for PbS, –4.20 eV for PbSe, and –3.02 eV for PbTe, indicating strong stability in PbS and PbSe compared to PbTe. The electronic analysis showed that PbS exhibited a band gap of 1.01 eV, while PbSe had a slightly lower band gap of 0.70 eV. Under applied pressure, both materials demonstrated an increase in band gap, rising More >

Dong Hu^1,2, Lingxing Hu³, Facheng Qiu^3,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 1865-1882, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.073409 - 31 December 2025

Abstract With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, ammonia nitrogen pollution in water bodies has become increasingly severe, making the development of efficient and low-consumption wastewater treatment technologies highly significant. This study employs three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the cavitation mechanisms and flow field characteristics in a novel jet impingement-negative pressure ammonia removal reactor. The simulation, validated by experimental pressure data with a high degree of consistency, utilizes the Mixture model, the Realizable k-ε turbulence model, and the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model. The results demonstrate that the flow velocity undergoes a substantial acceleration within the… More > Graphic Abstract

Shuo Wang^1,2,*, Huiming Wang^1,2, Ying Zhang^1,2, Zhiqiang Zhang^1,3, Li Jia^1,2

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 1721-1740, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.073226 - 31 December 2025

Abstract This experimental investigation was conducted on the flow boiling performance of refrigerant R134a in two types of parallel microchannels: sintered porous microchannels (PP-MCs) and smooth parallel microchannels (SP-MCs). The tests were performed under controlled conditions including an inlet subcooling of 5 ± 0.2°C, saturation temperature of 33°C, mass fluxes of 346 and 485 kg/m²·s, and a range of heat fluxes. Key findings reveal that the sintered porous microstructure significantly enhances bubble nucleation, reducing the wall superheat required for the onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) to only 0.13°C compared to 2.2°C in smooth channels. The porous structure… More >

Weifang Yang¹, Yaping Liu^1,*, Chao Gui¹, Yangyu Shi², Mengyi Ge¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 2051-2072, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.070138 - 31 December 2025

Abstract This study experimentally investigates the operational performance of a scroll compressor using R513A to expand its application range as a substitute for R134a. A vapor compression heat pump test platform was established to analyze the variation trends of heating capacity, refrigerant mass flow rate, compressor power consumption, and current by controlling the compressor inlet and outlet pressures (i.e., evaporating and condensing temperatures). The results indicate that both heating capacity and refrigerant mass flow rate decrease with increasing pressure ratio. Compressor power consumption and current initially increase and then decrease with rising evaporating temperature, whereas they… More > Graphic Abstract

Noor Moneer Basher¹, Omar Rafae Alomar^1,*, Omar Mohammed Ali², Diyar Abdullah Ahmed³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 2001-2024, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.066997 - 31 December 2025

Abstract The energy consumption of a Split air conditioning unit (ACU) inside a building is extremely large, and efforts to decrease this issue are ongoing. The current work aims to experimentally investigate the thermal performance of ACU using an external cooling-water loop for pre-cooling the condenser to improve the efficiency and to reduce energy consumption by reducing refrigerant temperature before entering the condenser, thereby reducing the coefficient of performance. The experiments are performed on ACU with and without using an external cooling-water loop under different climate conditions. By using the experimental data, the systems’ performances for… More >

Siwei Zhang, Xiaozhou Xia^*, Xin Gu, Meilin Zong, Qing Zhang^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.3, pp. 3243-3278, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.073841 - 23 December 2025

Abstract This study presents a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-fatigue (THM-F) model, developed based on variational phase-field fatigue theory, to simulate the freeze-thaw (F-T) damage process in concrete. The fracture phase-field model incorporates the F-T fatigue mechanism driven by energy dissipation during the free energy growth stage. Using microscopic inclusion theory, we derive an evolution model of pore size distribution (PSD) for concrete under F-T cycles by treating pore water as columnar inclusions. Drawing upon pore ice crystal theory, calculation models that account for concrete PSD characteristics are established to determine ice saturation, permeability coefficient, and pore pressure. To… More >