Sheeba Naaz^1,2, Nadeem Ahmad², Asma A. Al-Huqail³, Mohammad Irfan⁴, Faheema Khan³, Mohammad Irfan Qureshi^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.6, pp. 1725-1742, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.026100

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) is among the heavy metals most hazardous for plant and human health. Known to induce oxidative stress in plants and disbalance equilibrium in the antioxidant defence system, these metals alter plant growth and cause damage at the cellular and molecular levels. Soybean is an important oilseed crop that is raised in soils often contaminated by Cd and Hg. The comparative studies on the deleterious effect of Cd and Hg and the defence system of antioxidants were not studied earlier in soybean plant. In this study, soybean plants were exposed to Cd (100 µM CdCl₂) and… More >

Shoukai Lin^1,2,#, Shichang Xu^1,#, Liyan Huang¹, Fuxiang Qiu¹, Yihong Zheng¹, Qionghao Liu¹, Shiwei Ma^1,2, Bisha Wu^1,2, Jincheng Wu^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.4, pp. 1185-1201, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.026752

Abstract Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree that produces fruits with abundant nutrients and medicinal components. Confirming suitable reference genes for a set of loquat samples before qRT-PCR experiments is essential for the accurate quantification of gene expression. In this study, eight candidate reference genes were selected from our previously published RNA-seq data, and primers for each candidate reference gene were designed and evaluated. The Cq values of the candidate reference genes were calculated by RT-qPCR in 31 different loquat samples, including 12 subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues. Different combinations of stable reference genes were screened… More >

Zhipeng Sheng, Yuting Luan, Cong Xu, Jun Tao^*, Daqiu Zhao^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.3, pp. 801-814, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.024953

Abstract Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), as a high-end cut flower in the international market, has high ornamental and medicinal values. But in Northern China, drought is a major environmental factor influencing the growth and development of P. lactiflora. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) can evaluate gene expression levels under different stress conditions, and stable internal reference is the key for qRT-PCR. At present, there is no systematic screening of internal reference for correcting gene expressions of P. lactiflora in response to drought stress. In this study, 10 candidate genes [ubiquitin (UBQ2), UBQ1, elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), Histidine (His), eukaryotic… More >

Yinglong Song^1,#, Wenqian Shang^1,#, Zheng Wang^1,*, Songlin He^1,2,*, Xinya Meng³, Liyun Shi¹, Yuxiao Shen¹, Dan He¹, Xueyuan Lou¹, Yuke Sun¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.12, pp. 2791-2812, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.023572

Abstract Relatively poor in vitro rooting has limited the large-scale commercial production of tree peony. In this study, on the basis of transcriptome sequencing, differentially expressed genes and the associated metabolic pathways were identified in tree peony roots at different stages of root formation under sandy loam cultivation. A total of 31.63 Gb raw data were generated and 120,188 unigenes (mean length of 911.98 bp) were annotated according to six databases (NR, NT, GO, KEGG, COG, and Swiss-Prot). Analyses of the ungerminated root primordium period, induced root primordium period, and root formation period detected 8,232, 6,907, and 10,687 differentially expressed genes related… More >

Qiang Ai, Cuijing Liu^*, Mei Han^*, Limin Yang

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.11, pp. 2537-2548, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.021889

Abstract Iris domestica is a plant of the Iridaceae family and is drought-tolerant, but its drought-resistance mechanism is not yet clear. Analysing the gene expression changes of I. domestica by qRT-PCR is an important mean to understand its drought resistance characteristics. Nevertheless, a lack of reference genes greatly hinders investigation and research on the adaptation of I. domestica to drought at the molecular and genetic levels. In this study, we assessed the expression stability of 11 candidate gene in I. domestica under drought stress conditions and different tissues using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder tools. The results showed that EF1β was… More >

Huanli Wang, Lingjun Yan, Xi Huang, Zhongwei Wang, Yuanhao Yue, Shijie Tang^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.10, pp. 2191-2210, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.020735

Abstract Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a rapid and effective approach toward detecting the expression patterns of target genes. The selection of a stable reference gene under specific test condition is essential for expressing levels of target genes accurately. Tilia miqueliana, considered endangered, is a prominent native ornamental and honey tree in East China. No study has evaluated the optimal endogenous reference gene for qRT-PCR analysis in T. miqueliana systematically. In this study, fifteen commonly used reference genes were selected as candidate genes, and the stabilities of their expressions were assessed using four algorithms (GeNorm, NormFiner, BestKeeper, and DeltaCt)… More >

MENGMENG WU^1,#, PENG GUO^1,#, YISU SHI^1,#, DANYAN ZHENG¹, QIAONAN ZHANG¹, XIN JIN¹, YUHUA WANG¹, QIANG LIN², RONGJUN FANG^1,*, WEIGUO ZHAO^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.8, pp. 1935-1945, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.019223

Abstract A variety of plants were colchicine treated to double their chromosome number. Chromosomes are genetic carriers that determine the individual traits of organisms. The doubling of chromosomes will lead to modifications in plant morphology, physiology and genetics. To determine the response of mulberry trees induced by colchicine, using mulberry variety Yu-711 leaves as research materials, two small RNA libraries (control and experimental groups) were constructed. It was found that 45 known miRNA genes and 78 predicted novel miRNA genes in the sequence results. A comparison of data between the control group and the experimental group revealed 37 differentially expressed miRNA… More >

Yuting Luan¹, Cong Xu¹, Xiaoxiao Wang¹, Daqiu Zhao¹, Jun Tao^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.5, pp. 1045-1059, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018767

Abstract The definition of relatively stable expressed internal reference genes is essential in both traditional blotting quantification and as a modern data quantitative strategy. Appropriate internal reference genes can accurately standardize the expression abundance of target genes to avoid serious experimental errors. In this study, the expression profiles of ten candidate genes, ACT1, ACT2, GAPDH, eIF1, eIF2, α-TUB, β-TUB, TBP, RNA Pol II and RP II, were calculated for a suitable reference gene selection in Paeonia ostii T. Hong et J. X. Zhang leaves under various drought stress conditions. Data were processed by the four regularly used evaluation software. A comprehensive… More >

Yinjie Wang, Yongxia Zhang, Qingquan Liu, Liangqin Liu, Suzhen Huang, Haiyan Yuan^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.1, pp. 277-290, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.011545

Abstract Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is an effective and widely used method to analyze expression patterns of target genes. Selection of stable reference genes is a prerequisite for accurate normalization of target gene expression by qRT-PCR. In Iris germanica L., no studies have yet been published regarding the evaluation of potential reference genes. In this study, nine candidate reference genes were assessed at different flower developmental stages and in different tissues by four different algorithms (GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder). The results revealed that ACT11 (Actin 11) and EF1α (Elongation factor 1 alpha) were the most stable reference genes in different… More >

Lu Zhu, Qiuyue Ma, Shushun Li, Jing Wen, Kunyuan Yan, Qianzhong Li^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 385-403, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09259

Abstract Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) technology has been extensively used to estimate gene expression levels, and the selection of appropriate reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis is critically important for obtaining authentic normalized data. Acer palmatum is an important colorful leaf ornamental tree species, and reference genes suitable for normalization of the qRT-PCR data obtained from this species have not been investigated. In this study, the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes, namely, Actin3, Actin6, Actin9, EF1α, PP2A, SAMDC, TIP41, TUBα, TUBβ and UBQ10, in two distinct tissues (leaves and roots) of A. palmatum under four different abiotic stress… More >