Yifan Wang¹, Shan Qing^1,2,*, Jifan Li^1,3,*, Xiaohui Zhang^1,3, Junxiao Wang⁴

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.9, pp. 2253-2272, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.067429 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Heat and mass transfer within an electric arc furnace are strongly influenced by extreme temperatures and complex electromagnetic fields. Variations in temperature distribution play a crucial role in determining melt flow patterns and in the formation of stagnant regions, commonly referred to as dead zones. To better understand the internal flow dynamics and thermal behavior of the furnace, this study develops a multiphysics coupled model that integrates fluid heat transfer with Maxwell’s electromagnetic field equations. Numerical simulations are conducted to systematically examine how key operational parameters, such as electric current and arc characteristics, affect the… More >

Zhi Yang^1,2, Xiaohui Zhang^1,2,*, Xinting Tong³, Yutang Zhao⁴, Teng Xia^1,2, Hua Wang^1,2

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 1133-1150, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.061737 - 30 May 2025

Abstract In bottom-blown copper smelting processes, oxygen-enriched air is typically injected into the melt through a lance, generating bubbles that ascend and agitate the melt, enhancing mass, momentum, and heat transfer within the furnace. The melt’s viscosity, which varies across reaction stages, and the operating conditions influence bubble size and dynamics. This study investigates the interplay between melt viscosity and bubble diameter on bubble motion using numerical simulations and experiments. In particular, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and Ω-identification technique were employed to analyze bubble velocity, deformation, trajectories, and wake characteristics. The results showed that More >

Teng Xia^1,2, Xiaohui Zhang^1,2,*, Ding Ma^1,2, Zhi Yang^1,2, Xinting Tong³, Yutang Zhao⁴, Hua Wang^1,2

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 121-140, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.058683 - 24 January 2025

Abstract Smelting with oxygen bottom blowing is one of the main methods used in the frame of copper pyrometallurgy. With this approach, feed materials and oxygen-enriched air are introduced in reversed order to enhance multiphase flow within the furnace. Understanding the flow structure and temperature distribution in this setup is crucial for optimizing production. In this study, gas-liquid interactions, and temperature profiles under varying air-injection conditions are examined by means of numerical simulation for a 3.2 m × 20 m furnace. The results indicate that the high-velocity regions are essentially distributed near the lance within the… More > Graphic Abstract

Zhenyu Zhu¹, Ping Zhou¹, Xingbang Wan¹, Zhuo Chen^1,*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.29, No.2, pp. 1-4, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011777

Abstract 1 General introduction
The flash smelting is one of the dominant technologies for copper matte production. To meet the increasing demand, the production capability of flash smelting furnace has been increased several times. However, under current conditions, the segregation of concentrate particles becomes an escalating issue, impacting production efficiency and safety [1]. The DEM modelling is a powerful tool for investigating particle behaviors such as contact and collision, but the lack of accurate microscopic properties of copper concentrate particles makes it challenging to conduct reliable DEM simulations [2]. To address this gap, this study employs both… More >

Shihong Huang¹, Ting Lei², Yan Cui³, Zhifeng Nie^4,*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.18, No.4, pp. 883-896, 2022, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2022.018537 - 06 April 2022

Abstract The distribution of titanium, carbon and associated elements (calcium, magnesium, silicon and aluminum) in a smelting process is studied by means of a chemical equilibrium calculation method for multiphase and multicomponent systems, and verified through comparison with production results. In particular, using the coexistence theory for titanium slag structures, the influence of the AIR (anthracite to ilmenite ratio) on the distribution of such elements is analyzed. The results show that the AIR can be adjusted to achieve a selective reduction of oxides in the melt. More >