Shigen Shen^1,2, Xiaojun Ji^1,*, Yimeng Liu¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3997-4021, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069332 - 23 September 2025

Abstract The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated cyber threats, particularly zero-day attacks that exploit unknown vulnerabilities and evade traditional security measures. To address this critical challenge, this paper proposes a dynamic defense framework named Zero-day-aware Stackelberg Game-based Multi-Agent Distributed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (ZSG-MAD3PG). The framework integrates Stackelberg game modeling with the Multi-Agent Distributed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MAD3PG) algorithm and incorporates defensive deception (DD) strategies to achieve adaptive and efficient protection. While conventional methods typically incur considerable resource overhead and exhibit higher latency due to static or rigid defensive mechanisms,… More >

Xingxu Zhu¹, Guiqing Zhao¹, Gangui Yan¹, Junhui Li^1,*, Hongda Dong², Chenggang Li²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.5, pp. 1645-1668, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063192 - 25 April 2025

Abstract The participation of wind farms in the former energy market faces challenges such as power fluctuations and energy storage construction costs. To this end, this paper proposes a joint energy storage operation scheme for multiple wind farms based on a leasing model, which assists wind farms in bidding for participation in the former energy market through leasing services, thereby enhancing energy storage efficiency and maximizing economic benefits. In this paper, based on the Weibull probability distribution to portray the uncertainty of wind power, and considering the lifetime capacity loss caused by charging and discharging of… More > Graphic Abstract

Weidong Chen^1,2,*, Yun Zhao³, Xiaorui Wu^1,2, Ziwen Cai³, Min Guo^1,2, Yuxin Lu³

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.10, pp. 3075-3093, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.051404 - 11 September 2024

Abstract The integration of photovoltaic, energy storage, direct current, and flexible load (PEDF) technologies in building power systems is an important means to address the energy crisis and promote the development of green buildings. The friendly interaction between the PEDF systems and the power grid can promote the utilization of renewable energy and enhance the stability of the power grid. For this purpose, this work introduces a framework of multiple incentive mechanisms for a PEDF park, a building energy system that implements PEDF technologies. The incentive mechanisms proposed in this paper include both economic and noneconomic… More >

Yu Zhang^*, Lianmin Li, Zhongxiang Liu, Yuhu Wu

Energy Engineering, Vol.121, No.5, pp. 1209-1221, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.046141 - 30 April 2024

Abstract With the development of renewable energy technologies such as photovoltaics and wind power, it has become a research hotspot to improve the consumption rate of new energy and reduce energy costs through the deployment of energy storage. To solve the problem of the interests of different subjects in the operation of the energy storage power stations (ESS) and the integrated energy multi-microgrid alliance (IEMA), this paper proposes the optimization operation method of the energy storage power station and the IEMA based on the Stackelberg game. In the upper layer, ESS optimizes charging and discharging decisions More > Graphic Abstract

Zhikang Wang^#, Chengxuan Wang^#, Wendi Wu, Cheng Sun, Zhengtian Wu^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.1, pp. 845-863, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029442 - 22 September 2023

Abstract As the current global environment is deteriorating, distributed renewable energy is gradually becoming an important member of the energy internet. Blockchain, as a decentralized distributed ledger with decentralization, traceability and tamper-proof features, is an important way to achieve efficient consumption and multi-party supply of new energy. In this article, we establish a blockchain-based mathematical model of multiple microgrids and microgrid aggregators’ revenue, consider the degree of microgrid users’ preference for electricity thus increasing users’ reliance on the blockchain market, and apply the one-master-multiple-slave Stackelberg game theory to solve the energy dispatching strategy when each market More >

Yang Zhang¹, Chaoyang Li^2,*, Xiangjun Xin²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.2, pp. 2429-2442, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037139 - 31 March 2023

Abstract Cold-chain logistics system (CCLS) plays the role of collecting and managing the logistics data of frozen food. However, there always exist problems of information loss, data tampering, and privacy leakage in traditional centralized systems, which influence frozen food security and people’s health. The centralized management form impedes the development of the cold-chain logistics industry and weakens logistics data availability. This paper first introduces a distributed CCLS based on blockchain technology to solve the centralized management problem. This system aggregates the production base, storage, transport, detection, processing, and consumer to form a cold-chain logistics union. The… More >

Xiaoxuan Yang^*, Zhou Fang

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.4, No.4, pp. 229-243, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jai.2022.035368 - 25 May 2023

Abstract In order to optimize resource integration and optimal scheduling problems in the cloud manufacturing environment, this paper proposes to use load balancing, service cost and service quality as optimization goals for resource scheduling, however, resource providers have resource utilization requirements for cloud manufacturing platforms. In the process of resource optimization scheduling, the interests of all parties have conflicts of interest, which makes it impossible to obtain better optimization results for resource scheduling. Therefore, a multithreaded auto-negotiation method based on the Stackelberg game is proposed to resolve conflicts of interest in the process of resource scheduling.… More >