Abd Al Karim Jaafar¹, Suleiman Salim¹, Dema Altheb¹, Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem^2,3, Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo^4,5,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3945-3960, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.072520 - 29 December 2025

Abstract The use of organic fertilizers can be an opportunity to increase crop yield and improve soil fertility in semi-arid regions, since soils from these regions usually have unfavourable conditions for plant growth. This research investigates the effects of organic and mineral fertilization on the impact of soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter), availability of macro- (N, P and K), micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) and the accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr) in soil and potato tubers grown under semiarid conditions. A field experiment was conducted in Raqqa Governorate (Syria) using… More >

Başak Müftüoğlu, Sevinç Başay^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.10, pp. 3217-3229, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071755 - 29 October 2025

Abstract Water scarcity is an escalating global challenge that severely threatens productivity and reproductive success in crops, particularly in drought-sensitive species such as Capsicum annuum L. Although deficit irrigation strategies are widely recommended to enhance water use efficiency, knowledge remains limited regarding their interactions with soil amendments such as biochar and the consequent impacts on reproductive traits. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of deficit irrigation strategies and biochar application on pollen viability and morphology in Capsicum annuum. The experiment was conducted under full, partial, and deficit irrigation regimes with and without biochar treatment, following a… More >

Eakbodin Gedkhaw, Nantinee Soodtoetong^*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4349-4363, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068577 - 27 October 2025

Abstract This research aimed to study the efficiency of solar power system in controlling hydro-organic smart farming system in closed greenhouse by developing an off-grid system consisting of 450 W solar panel, MPPT charge controller, 500 W Pure Sine Wave inverter and 2150 Ah Deep Cycle batteries in series as 24 V system to supply power to automatic control devices, including temperature, humidity, pH sensor and water pump in NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) hydroponic system using organic nutrient solution. The test result between 08:00–17:00 or 30 days found that the system can produce a maximum of… More > Graphic Abstract

Hafiza Muniba Din Muhammad¹, Safina Naz¹, Zarina Bibi², Mohamed A. A. Ahmed³, Alina-Stefania Stanciu⁴, Riaz Ahmad^5,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2631-2648, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.069474 - 30 September 2025

Abstract The production of crops is badly affected by climate change globally. Mitigation of adverse effects of climate change is in need of time through different management practices such as developing tolerant genetic resources, hormonal applications to boost defense systems, nanoparticles, and balanced fertilization. The nano-hormonal synergy had the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change by modulation of morpho-physiological and biochemical activities. Plant growth, yield, and quality can be enhanced with the supplementation of nano-hormonal interactions. Therefore, the current study explores the synergy between nanoparticles and phytohormonal use. The nanoparticles, even in low… More >

Malini Ray¹, Sanchari Burman², Shweta Meshram^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2285-2312, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067814 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Plants are under constant exposure to varied biotic and abiotic stresses, which significantly affect their growth, productivity, and survival. Biotic stress, caused by pathogens, and abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metals, activate overlapping yet distinct immune pathways. These are comprised of morphological barriers, hormonal signaling, and the induction of stress-responsive genes through complex pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, and secondary metabolites. Abiotic stress triggers organelle-mediated retrograde signaling from organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria, which causes unfolded protein responses and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Simultaneously, biotic stress activates… More > Graphic Abstract

Lobna Hajji-Hedfi^1,2,*, Omaima Bargougui^1,3, Abdelhak Rhouma¹, Takwa Wannassi¹, Amira Khlif^1,3, Samar Dali^1,3, Wafa Gamaoun⁴

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2255-2284, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.066951 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Fungal plant diseases are infections caused by pathogenic fungi that affect crops, ornamental plants, and trees. Symptoms of these diseases can include leaf spots, fruit rot, root rot, and generalized growth retardation. Fungal diseases can result in decreased quality and quantity of crops, which can have a negative economic impact on farmers and producers. Moreover, these diseases can cause environmental damage. Indeed, fungal diseases can directly affect crops by reducing plant growth and yield, as well as altering their quality and nutritional value. Although effective, the use of many chemical products is often harmful to… More >

Adnan Amin, Wajid Zaman^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.7, pp. 1973-1996, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067885 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Plant-pathogen interactions involve complex biological processes that operate across molecular, cellular, microbiome, and ecological levels, significantly influencing plant health and agricultural productivity. In response to pathogenic threats, plants have developed sophisticated defense mechanisms, such as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which rely on specialized recognition systems such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. These immune responses activate intricate signaling pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, calcium fluxes, reactive oxygen species production, and hormonal cross-talk among salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. Furthermore, structural barriers such as callose deposition… More >

Vina Eka Aristya¹, Sri Minarsih¹, Kristamtini¹, I Gusti Komang Dana Arsana¹, Samijan¹, Setyorini Widyayanti¹, Sodiq Jauhari¹, Arif Susila¹, Ni Wayan Trisnawati¹, I Ketut Mahaputra¹, I Nyoman Suyasa¹, Opik Mahendra², Supriyanta³, Gilang Wirakusuma³, Taufan Alam³, Taryono^3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.7, pp. 2055-2073, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065227 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Rice, as a primary commodity, needs to be increased in production while facing the sustainability challenges of limited land, water resources, and climate change. The demand for rice productivity was not enough to rely only on the fertile fields’ ability; it is necessary to consider the rainfed land potential. Cultivation in rainfed land involves biophysical pressure, low production, and limited access to superior varieties. Participatory rice breeding aimed to identify farmers’ trait preferences and develop acceptable lines. A bottom-up approach involved 203 farmers from four rainfed fields in Indonesia, i.e., Semarang-Central Java, Kulon Progo-Yogyakarta, Tabanan-Bali,… More >

Sameera V Mohd Sagheer¹, Orwel P V², P M Ameer³, Amal BaQais⁴, Shaeen Kalathil^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1329-1349, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063961 - 09 June 2025

Abstract The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods. Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to detect infected palm leaves, which is time intensive and susceptible to mistakes. This study proposes an automated leaf classification system that uses deep learning algorithms to identify and categorize diseases in date palm tree leaves with high precision and dependability. The system leverages pretrained convolutional neural network architectures (InceptionV3, DenseNet, and MobileNet) to extract and examine leaf characteristics for classification purposes. A publicly accessible dataset comprising multiple… More >

Hua Zhang, Ganghua Li^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.5, pp. 1367-1399, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064632 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Soil naturally contains various heavy metals, however, their concentrations have reached toxic levels due to excessive agrochemical use and industrial activities. Heavy metals are persistent and non-biodegradable, causing environmental disruption and posing significant health hazards. Microbial-mediated remediation is a promising strategy to prevent heavy metal leaching and mobilization, facilitating their extraction and detoxification. Nickel (Ni), being a prevalent heavy metal pollutant, requires specific attention in remediation efforts. Plants have evolved defense mechanisms to cope with environmental stresses, including heavy metal toxicity, but such stress significantly reduces crop productivity. Beneficial microorganisms play a crucial role in… More > Graphic Abstract