Haihao He^1,2, Xianzhou Dong^1,*, Shuangshuang Wang¹, Chengzhang Zhu¹, Xiaotong Zhao^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-23, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069513 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Clock synchronization has important applications in multi-agent collaboration (such as drone light shows, intelligent transportation systems, and game AI), group decision-making, and emergency rescue operations. Synchronization method based on pulse-coupled oscillators (PCOs) provides an effective solution for clock synchronization in wireless networks. However, the existing clock synchronization algorithms in multi-agent ad hoc networks are difficult to meet the requirements of high precision and high stability of synchronization clock in group cooperation. Hence, this paper constructs a network model, named DAUNet (unsupervised neural network based on dual attention), to enhance clock synchronization accuracy in multi-agent wireless ad hoc… More >

Khaled Elenizi¹, Abdullah Sharaf Aldeen², Nasser Alotaibi^3,*, Nagy Fagir², Hussien Hado², Mubarak Aldossari²

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.5, pp. 539-546, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.071226 - 30 November 2025

Abstract Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare congenital anomaly that may complicate cardiac procedures when associated with a dilated coronary sinus (CS) and conduction disturbances. We report the case of a 27-year-old male with Wilson’s disease who presented with complete heart block. Echocardiography showed biatrial enlargement and severe CS dilation, while contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) confirmed PLSVC draining into the CS without a bridging vein. Anatomical constraints prevented cardiac resynchronization therapy, and dual-chamber pacemaker implantation proved technically challenging due to lead placement difficulties. This case highlights the importance of thorough preoperative assessment and More >

Zhuoxi Feng^#,1, Jinyang Liu^#,2, Zihao Wu¹, Ziran Geng¹, Zhimin Liu^1,*

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.5, pp. 625-636, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.069214 - 30 November 2025

Abstract Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by atrioventricular, ventriculoarterial, and conduction system discordance, commonly accompanied by atrioventricular block (AVB). Pacing in patients with CCTGA and AVB (both pediatric and adult) poses challenges in strategy selection, procedural complexity, and clinical decision-making due to limited evidence. Conventional morphological left ventricular pacing is widely adopted but may induce ventricular dyssynchrony, heart failure, and tricuspid valve dysfunction. While cardiac resynchronization therapy serves as an upgrade for pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure, its application may be limited by coronary sinus anatomical… More >

Ramadan Abdul-Rashid¹, Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman^1,*, Abdulaziz Yagoub Barnawi²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.3, pp. 3213-3250, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.066589 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Accurate time synchronization is fundamental to the correct and efficient operation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), especially in security-critical, time-sensitive applications. However, most existing protocols degrade substantially under malicious interference. We introduce iSTSP, an Intelligent and Secure Time Synchronization Protocol that implements a four-stage defense pipeline to ensure robust, precise synchronization even in hostile environments: (1) trust preprocessing that filters node participation using behavioral trust scoring; (2) anomaly isolation employing a lightweight autoencoder to detect and excise malicious nodes in real time; (3) reliability-weighted consensus that prioritizes high-trust nodes during time aggregation; and (4) convergence-optimized synchronization… More >

Hyeontae Joo, Sangmin Lee, Kiseok Kim, Hwangnam Kim^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 2789-2804, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066304 - 03 July 2025

Abstract As vehicular networks become increasingly pervasive, enhancing connectivity and reliability has emerged as a critical objective. Among the enabling technologies for advanced wireless communication, particularly those targeting low latency and high reliability, time synchronization is critical, especially in vehicular networks. However, due to the inherent mobility of vehicular environments, consistently exchanging synchronization packets with a fixed base station or access point is challenging. This issue is further exacerbated in signal shadowed areas such as urban canyons, tunnels, or large-scale indoor halls where other technologies, such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS), are unavailable. One-way synchronization… More >

Jie Shao¹, Zihao Zhang¹, Quan Xu¹, Tiantian Cai¹, Junye Li¹, Baicheng Xiang¹, Shijie Li¹, Xianfeng Xu^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2291-2307, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063302 - 29 May 2025

Abstract In response to the complex working conditions of the power grid caused by the high proportion of new energy access, which leads to insufficient output accuracy of the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) phase-locked loop, this article proposes an improved frequency adaptive phase-locked loop structure for SOGI. Firstly, an amplitude compensation branch is introduced to compensate for the SOGI tracking fundamental frequency signal, ensuring the accuracy of the SOGI output orthogonal signal under frequency fluctuation conditions. Secondly, by cascading two adaptive SOGI modules, the suppression capability of low-order harmonics and Direct Current (DC) components has been More >

Borja Bordel Sánchez^1,*, Fernando Rodríguez-Sela¹, Ramón Alcarria², Tomás Robles¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.2, pp. 1821-1853, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.059012 - 16 April 2025

Abstract The Industry 4.0 revolution is characterized by distributed infrastructures where data must be continuously communicated between hardware nodes and cloud servers. Specific lightweight cryptosystems are needed to protect those links, as the hardware node tends to be resource-constrained. Then Pseudo Random Number Generators are employed to produce random keys, whose final behavior depends on the initial seed. To guarantee good mathematical behavior, most key generators need an unpredictable voltage signal as input. However, physical signals evolve slowly and have a significant autocorrelation, so they do not have enough entropy to support high-randomness seeds. Then, electronic… More >

Ramadan Abdul-Rashid¹, Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman^1,*, Kar Tim Chan¹, Arun Kumar Sangaiah^2,3,4

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.3, pp. 2585-2616, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.060548 - 03 March 2025

Abstract This study proposes a novel time-synchronization protocol inspired by stochastic gradient algorithms. The clock model of each network node in this synchronizer is configured as a generic adaptive filter where different stochastic gradient algorithms can be adopted for adaptive clock frequency adjustments. The study analyzes the pairwise synchronization behavior of the protocol and proves the generalized convergence of the synchronization error and clock frequency. A novel closed-form expression is also derived for a generalized asymptotic error variance steady state. Steady and convergence analyses are then presented for the synchronization, with frequency adaptations done using least More >

Wei Chen, Xin Gao^*, Zhanhong Wei, Xusheng Yang, Zhao Li

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 805-821, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059779 - 31 January 2025

Abstract This paper deeply introduces a brand-new research method for the synchronous characteristics of DC microgrid bus voltage and an improved synchronous control strategy. This method mainly targets the problem of bus voltage oscillation caused by the bifurcation behavior of DC microgrid converters. Firstly, the article elaborately establishes a mathematical model of a single distributed power source with hierarchical control. On this basis, a small-world network model that can better adapt to the topology structure of DC microgrids is further constructed. Then, a voltage synchronization analysis method based on the main stability function is proposed, and… More >

Wei Wu, Liang Yu, Liping Yang^*, Yadong Zhang, Peng Wang

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.1, pp. 587-603, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052655 - 18 July 2024

Abstract As an open network architecture, Wireless Computing Power Networks (WCPN) pose new challenges for achieving efficient and secure resource management in networks, because of issues such as insecure communication channels and untrusted device terminals. Blockchain, as a shared, immutable distributed ledger, provides a secure resource management solution for WCPN. However, integrating blockchain into WCPN faces challenges like device heterogeneity, monitoring communication states, and dynamic network nature. Whereas Digital Twins (DT) can accurately maintain digital models of physical entities through real-time data updates and self-learning, enabling continuous optimization of WCPN, improving synchronization performance, ensuring real-time accuracy, More >