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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Novel Hybrid Clustering Based Transmission Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks

    Neelam Sharma1,*, Harshita Chadha2, Karan Singh3, B. M. Singh4, Nitish Pathak5

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2459-2473, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014305

    Abstract Wireless sensor networks are a collection of intelligent sensor devices that are connected to one another and have the capability to exchange information packets amongst themselves. In recent years, this field of research has become increasingly popular due to the host of useful applications it can potentially serve. A deep analysis of the concepts associated with this domain reveals that the two main problems that are to be tackled here are throughput enhancement and network security improvement. The present article takes on one of these two issues namely the throughput enhancement. For the purpose of improving network productivity, a hybrid… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique (ECRT) for Wireless Sensor Network

    Mahmood ul Hassan1,*, Shahzad Ali2, Khalid Mahmood3, Muhammad Kashif Saeed4, Amin Al-Awady1, Kamran Javed5, Ansar Munir Shah6

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 1003-1019, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018264

    Abstract Node failure in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a fundamental problem because WSNs operate in hostile environments. The failure of nodes leads to network partitioning that may compromise the basic operation of the sensor network. To deal with such situations, a rapid recovery mechanism is required for restoring inter-node connectivity. Due to the immense importance and need for a recovery mechanism, several different approaches are proposed in the literature. However, the proposed approaches have shortcomings because they do not focus on energy-efficient operation and coverage-aware mechanisms while performing connectivity restoration. Moreover, most of these approaches rely on the excessive mobility… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Hybrid BWO-IACO Algorithm for Cluster Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

    R. Punithavathi1, Chinnarao Kurangi2, S. P. Balamurugan3, Irina V. Pustokhina4, Denis A. Pustokhin5, K. Shankar6,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 433-449, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018231

    Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises a massive number of arbitrarily placed sensor nodes that are linked wirelessly to monitor the physical parameters from the target region. As the nodes in WSN operate on inbuilt batteries, the energy depletion occurs after certain rounds of operation and thereby results in reduced network lifetime. To enhance energy efficiency and network longevity, clustering and routing techniques are commonly employed in WSN. This paper presents a novel black widow optimization (BWO) with improved ant colony optimization (IACO) algorithm (BWO-IACO) for cluster based routing in WSN. The proposed BWO-IACO algorithm involves BWO based clustering process to… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Deep Learning and Entity Embedding-Based Intrusion Detection Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

    Bandar Almaslukh*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 1343-1360, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017914

    Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered promising for applications such as military surveillance and healthcare. The security of these networks must be ensured in order to have reliable applications. Securing such networks requires more attention, as they typically implement no dedicated security appliance. In addition, the sensors have limited computing resources and power and storage, which makes WSNs vulnerable to various attacks, especially denial of service (DoS). The main types of DoS attacks against WSNs are blackhole, grayhole, flooding, and scheduling. There are two primary techniques to build an intrusion detection system (IDS): signature-based and data-driven-based. This study uses the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    LOA-RPL: Novel Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for the Internet of Things Using Lion Optimization Algorithm to Maximize Network Lifetime

    Sankar Sennan1, Somula Ramasubbareddy2, Anand Nayyar3,4, Yunyoung Nam5,*, Mohamed Abouhawwash6,7

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 351-371, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017360

    Abstract Energy conservation is a significant task in the Internet of Things (IoT) because IoT involves highly resource-constrained devices. Clustering is an effective technique for saving energy by reducing duplicate data. In a clustering protocol, the selection of a cluster head (CH) plays a key role in prolonging the lifetime of a network. However, most cluster-based protocols, including routing protocols for low-power and lossy networks (RPLs), have used fuzzy logic and probabilistic approaches to select the CH node. Consequently, early battery depletion is produced near the sink. To overcome this issue, a lion optimization algorithm (LOA) for selecting CH in RPL… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy Aware Clustering with Multihop Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

    A. Daniel*, K.M. Baalamurugan, Vijay Ramalingam, KP Arjun

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 233-246, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.016405

    Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) and the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) concepts are currently combined to improve data transmission based on sensors in near future applications. Since IoT devices exist in WSN with built-in batteries, power efficiency is a challenge that must be resolved. Clustering and routing are effectively treated as methods for reducing the dissipation of energy and maximising WSN IoT support life. This paper presents the new Energy Aware Adaptive Fuzzy neuro clustering with the WSN assisted IoT algorithm EAANFC-MR. EAANFC-MR is proposed for two main stages, clustering and multihop routing on the basis of EAANFCs. For selecting… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Hybrid Swarm Intelligence Based QoS Aware Clustering with Routing Protocol for WSN

    M. S. Maharajan1, T. Abirami2, Irina V. Pustokhina3, Denis A. Pustokhin4, K. Shankar5,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 2995-3013, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016139

    Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) started gaining attention due to its wide application in the fields of data collection and information processing. The recent advancements in multimedia sensors demand the Quality of Service (QoS) be maintained up to certain standards. The restrictions and requirements in QoS management completely depend upon the nature of target application. Some of the major QoS parameters in WSN are energy efficiency, network lifetime, delay and throughput. In this scenario, clustering and routing are considered as the most effective techniques to meet the demands of QoS. Since they are treated as NP (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time) hard problem, Swarm… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol to Enhance Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

    S. Nanthini1,*, S. Nithya Kalyani2, Sudhakar Sengan3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 3595-3614, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015038

    Abstract In this paper, the energy conservation in the ununiform clustered network field is proposed. The fundamental reason behind the methodology is that in the process of CH election, nodes Competition Radius (CR) task is based on not just the space between nodes and their Residual Energy (RE), which is utilized in Energy-Aware Distributed Unequal Clustering (EADUC) protocol but also a third-degree factor, i.e., the nearby multi-hop node count. In contrast, a third-factor nearby nodes count is also used. This surrounding data is taken into account in the clustering feature to increase the network’s life span. The proposed method, known as… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Improving Network Longevity in Wireless Sensor Networks Using an Evolutionary Optimization Approach

    V. Nivedhitha1,*, A. Gopi Saminathan2, P. Thirumurugan3

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.28, No.3, pp. 603-616, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.016780

    Abstract Several protocols strive to improve network longevity but fail to ameliorate the uneven overhead imparted upon the sensor nodes that lead to temporal deaths. The proposed work uses a metaheuristic approach that promotes load balancing and energy-efficient data transmission using the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FFOA). The approach combines the LEACH protocol with differential evolution (DE) to select an optimum cluster head in every cluster. The algorithm is designed to provide energy-efficient data transmissions based on the smell and vision foraging behavior of fruit flies. The approach considers the compactness of nodes, energy capacity, and the distance of sensor nodes… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    System Performance of Wireless Sensor Network Using LoRa–Zigbee Hybrid Communication

    Van-Truong Truong1, Anand Nayyar2,*, Showkat Ahmad Lone3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1615-1635, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016922

    Abstract Wireless sensor network (WSN) is considered as the fastest growing technology pattern in recent years because of its applicability in varied domains. Many sensor nodes with different sensing functionalities are deployed in the monitoring area to collect suitable data and transmit it to the gateway. Ensuring communications in heterogeneous WSNs, is a critical issue that needs to be studied. In this research paper, we study the system performance of a heterogeneous WSN using LoRa–Zigbee hybrid communication. Specifically, two Zigbee sensor clusters and two LoRa sensor clusters are used and combined with two Zigbee-to-LoRa converters to communicate in a network managed… More >

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