R. Kanthavel^1,*, R. Dhaya²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.31, No.1, pp. 649-659, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.019779

Abstract Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) refer to a group of nodes working underneath the earth plane that has been predicted to render concurrent observation capability in the hostile subversive and underwater surroundings. The accurate monitoring in places like underground earth, water, lubricates so on called non-conventional media need high accuracy of tiny sized sensors with antennas at a similar size. Therefore, an investigation is needed to study the opportunities and drawbacks of utilizing WUSNs without compromising the effectiveness of real-time monitoring procedures. With this, the major confrontation is to institute a trustworthy underground communication regardless of the complex environment that… More >

Neelam Sharma^1,*, Harshita Chadha², Karan Singh³, B. M. Singh⁴, Nitish Pathak⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2459-2473, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014305

Abstract Wireless sensor networks are a collection of intelligent sensor devices that are connected to one another and have the capability to exchange information packets amongst themselves. In recent years, this field of research has become increasingly popular due to the host of useful applications it can potentially serve. A deep analysis of the concepts associated with this domain reveals that the two main problems that are to be tackled here are throughput enhancement and network security improvement. The present article takes on one of these two issues namely the throughput enhancement. For the purpose of improving network productivity, a hybrid… More >

R. Punithavathi¹, Chinnarao Kurangi², S. P. Balamurugan³, Irina V. Pustokhina⁴, Denis A. Pustokhin⁵, K. Shankar^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 433-449, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018231

Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises a massive number of arbitrarily placed sensor nodes that are linked wirelessly to monitor the physical parameters from the target region. As the nodes in WSN operate on inbuilt batteries, the energy depletion occurs after certain rounds of operation and thereby results in reduced network lifetime. To enhance energy efficiency and network longevity, clustering and routing techniques are commonly employed in WSN. This paper presents a novel black widow optimization (BWO) with improved ant colony optimization (IACO) algorithm (BWO-IACO) for cluster based routing in WSN. The proposed BWO-IACO algorithm involves BWO based clustering process to… More >

Bandar Almaslukh^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 1343-1360, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017914

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered promising for applications such as military surveillance and healthcare. The security of these networks must be ensured in order to have reliable applications. Securing such networks requires more attention, as they typically implement no dedicated security appliance. In addition, the sensors have limited computing resources and power and storage, which makes WSNs vulnerable to various attacks, especially denial of service (DoS). The main types of DoS attacks against WSNs are blackhole, grayhole, flooding, and scheduling. There are two primary techniques to build an intrusion detection system (IDS): signature-based and data-driven-based. This study uses the… More >

Sankar Sennan¹, Somula Ramasubbareddy², Anand Nayyar^3,4, Yunyoung Nam^5,*, Mohamed Abouhawwash^6,7

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 351-371, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017360

Abstract Energy conservation is a significant task in the Internet of Things (IoT) because IoT involves highly resource-constrained devices. Clustering is an effective technique for saving energy by reducing duplicate data. In a clustering protocol, the selection of a cluster head (CH) plays a key role in prolonging the lifetime of a network. However, most cluster-based protocols, including routing protocols for low-power and lossy networks (RPLs), have used fuzzy logic and probabilistic approaches to select the CH node. Consequently, early battery depletion is produced near the sink. To overcome this issue, a lion optimization algorithm (LOA) for selecting CH in RPL… More >

A. Daniel^*, K.M. Baalamurugan, Vijay Ramalingam, KP Arjun

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.29, No.1, pp. 233-246, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.016405

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) and the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) concepts are currently combined to improve data transmission based on sensors in near future applications. Since IoT devices exist in WSN with built-in batteries, power efficiency is a challenge that must be resolved. Clustering and routing are effectively treated as methods for reducing the dissipation of energy and maximising WSN IoT support life. This paper presents the new Energy Aware Adaptive Fuzzy neuro clustering with the WSN assisted IoT algorithm EAANFC-MR. EAANFC-MR is proposed for two main stages, clustering and multihop routing on the basis of EAANFCs. For selecting… More >

M. S. Maharajan¹, T. Abirami², Irina V. Pustokhina³, Denis A. Pustokhin⁴, K. Shankar^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 2995-3013, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016139

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) started gaining attention due to its wide application in the fields of data collection and information processing. The recent advancements in multimedia sensors demand the Quality of Service (QoS) be maintained up to certain standards. The restrictions and requirements in QoS management completely depend upon the nature of target application. Some of the major QoS parameters in WSN are energy efficiency, network lifetime, delay and throughput. In this scenario, clustering and routing are considered as the most effective techniques to meet the demands of QoS. Since they are treated as NP (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time) hard problem, Swarm… More >

S. Nanthini^1,*, S. Nithya Kalyani², Sudhakar Sengan³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 3595-3614, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015038

Abstract In this paper, the energy conservation in the ununiform clustered network field is proposed. The fundamental reason behind the methodology is that in the process of CH election, nodes Competition Radius (CR) task is based on not just the space between nodes and their Residual Energy (RE), which is utilized in Energy-Aware Distributed Unequal Clustering (EADUC) protocol but also a third-degree factor, i.e., the nearby multi-hop node count. In contrast, a third-factor nearby nodes count is also used. This surrounding data is taken into account in the clustering feature to increase the network’s life span. The proposed method, known as… More >

V. Nivedhitha^1,*, A. Gopi Saminathan², P. Thirumurugan³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.28, No.3, pp. 603-616, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.016780

Abstract Several protocols strive to improve network longevity but fail to ameliorate the uneven overhead imparted upon the sensor nodes that lead to temporal deaths. The proposed work uses a metaheuristic approach that promotes load balancing and energy-efficient data transmission using the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FFOA). The approach combines the LEACH protocol with differential evolution (DE) to select an optimum cluster head in every cluster. The algorithm is designed to provide energy-efficient data transmissions based on the smell and vision foraging behavior of fruit flies. The approach considers the compactness of nodes, energy capacity, and the distance of sensor nodes… More >

Cheng Gong¹, Dingbang Xie², Chao Guo^2,*, Sonia Kherbachi³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2127-2143, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016436

Abstract The wireless sensor network (WSN), as the terminal data acquisition system of the 5G network, has attracted attention due to advantages such as low cost and easy deployment. Its development is mainly restricted by energy. The traditional transmission control scheme is not suitable for WSNs due to the significant information interaction. A switchable transmission control scheme for WSNs based on a queuing game (SQGTC) is proposed to improve network performance. Considering that sensor nodes compete for the resources of sink nodes to realize data transmission, the competitive relationship between nodes is described from the perspective of a game. Different types… More >