V. G. Saranya^*, S. Karthik

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.1, pp. 127-150, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.053825 - 20 August 2024

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a collection of sensor nodes distributed in space and connected through wireless communication. The sensor nodes gather and store data about the real world around them. However, the nodes that are dependent on batteries will ultimately suffer an energy loss with time, which affects the lifetime of the network. This research proposes to achieve its primary goal by reducing energy consumption and increasing the network’s lifetime and stability. The present technique employs the hybrid Mayfly Optimization Algorithm-Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization (MFOA-EACO), where the Mayfly Optimization Algorithm (MFOA) is used to… More >

Hina Gul¹, Sana Ullah¹, Ki-Il Kim^2,*, Farman Ali³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 1831-1850, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052841 - 15 August 2024

Abstract The seamless integration of intelligent Internet of Things devices with conventional wireless sensor networks has revolutionized data communication for different applications, such as remote health monitoring, industrial monitoring, transportation, and smart agriculture. Efficient and reliable data routing is one of the major challenges in the Internet of Things network due to the heterogeneity of nodes. This paper presents a traffic-aware, cluster-based, and energy-efficient routing protocol that employs traffic-aware and cluster-based techniques to improve the data delivery in such networks. The proposed protocol divides the network into clusters where optimal cluster heads are selected among super… More >

Mohammed Kaddi^1,*, Mohammed Omari², Moamen Alnatoor¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 2611-2631, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052048 - 15 August 2024

Abstract Recent advancements in wireless communications have allowed the birth of novel wireless sensor networks (WSN). A sensor network comprises several micro-sensors deployed randomly in an area of interest. A micro-sensor is provided with an energy resource to supply electricity to all of its components. However, the disposed energy resource is limited and battery replacement is generally infeasible. With this restriction, the sensors must conserve energy to prolong their lifetime. Various energy conservation strategies for WSNs have been presented in the literature, from the application to the physical layer. Most of these solutions focus only on… More >

Qussai M. Yaseen^1,2,*, Monther Aldwairi^2,3, Ahmad Manasrah^4,5

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 1867-1888, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051179 - 15 August 2024

Abstract Enhancing the security of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) improves the usability of their applications. Therefore, finding solutions to various attacks, such as the blackhole attack, is crucial for the success of WSN applications. This paper proposes an enhanced version of the AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) protocol capable of detecting blackholes and malfunctioning benign nodes in WSNs, thereby avoiding them when delivering packets. The proposed version employs a network-based reputation system to select the best and most secure path to a destination. To achieve this goal, the proposed version utilizes the Watchdogs/Pathrater mechanisms in… More >

Imtiaz Ahmad¹, Tariq Hussain², Babar Shah³, Altaf Hussain⁴, Iqtidar Ali¹, Farman Ali^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 3585-3629, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050596 - 20 June 2024

Abstract Numerous wireless networks have emerged that can be used for short communication ranges where the infrastructure-based networks may fail because of their installation and cost. One of them is a sensor network with embedded sensors working as the primary nodes, termed Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), in which numerous sensors are connected to at least one Base Station (BS). These sensors gather information from the environment and transmit it to a BS or gathering location. WSNs have several challenges, including throughput, energy usage, and network lifetime concerns. Different strategies have been applied to get over these… More >

Ibraheem Al-Hejri¹, Farag Azzedin^1,*, Sultan Almuhammadi¹, Naeem Firdous Syed²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 4197-4218, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047117 - 20 June 2024

Abstract The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding at an unprecedented scale in many critical applications due to the ability to interconnect and utilize a plethora of wide range of devices. In critical infrastructure domains like oil and gas supply, intelligent transportation, power grids, and autonomous agriculture, it is essential to guarantee the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data collected and exchanged. However, the limited resources coupled with the heterogeneity of IoT devices make it inefficient or sometimes infeasible to achieve secure data transmission using traditional cryptographic techniques. Consequently, designing a lightweight secure More >

Muhammad Salman Qamar^1,*, Ihsan ul Haq¹, Amil Daraz², Atif M. Alamri³, Salman A. AlQahtani⁴, Muhammad Fahad Munir¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.2, pp. 2945-2970, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050168 - 15 May 2024

Abstract In pursuit of enhancing the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) energy efficiency and operational lifespan, this paper delves into the domain of energy-efficient routing protocols. In WSNs, the limited energy resources of Sensor Nodes (SNs) are a big challenge for ensuring their efficient and reliable operation. WSN data gathering involves the utilization of a mobile sink (MS) to mitigate the energy consumption problem through periodic network traversal. The mobile sink (MS) strategy minimizes energy consumption and latency by visiting the fewest nodes or pre-determined locations called rendezvous points (RPs) instead of all cluster heads (CHs). CHs… More >

Amal Hkiri^1,*, Hamzah Faraj², Omar Ben Bahri², Mouna Karmani¹, Sami Alqurashi², Mohsen Machhout¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.2, pp. 1835-1854, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.049207 - 15 May 2024

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) has witnessed a significant surge in adoption, particularly through the utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which comprise small internet-connected devices. These deployments span various environments and offer a multitude of benefits. However, the widespread use of battery-powered devices introduces challenges due to their limited hardware resources and communication capabilities. In response to this, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has developed the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) to address the unique requirements of such networks. Recognizing the critical role of RPL in maintaining high performance,… More >

Xue Zhao, Shaojun Tao, Hongying Tang, Jiang Wang^*, Baoqing Li^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 1335-1351, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047996 - 25 April 2024

Abstract In recent years, target tracking has been considered one of the most important applications of wireless sensor network (WSN). Optimizing target tracking performance and prolonging network lifetime are two equally critical objectives in this scenario. The existing mechanisms still have weaknesses in balancing the two demands. The proposed heuristic multi-node collaborative scheduling mechanism (HMNCS) comprises cluster head (CH) election, pre-selection, and task set selection mechanisms, where the latter two kinds of selections form a two-layer selection mechanism. The CH election innovatively introduces the movement trend of the target and establishes a scoring mechanism to determine More >

Thi-Kien Dao¹, Trong-The Nguyen^1,2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.3, pp. 2201-2237, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.029880 - 15 December 2023

Abstract Localization or positioning scheme in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most challenging and fundamental operations in various monitoring or tracking applications because the network deploys a large area and allocates the acquired location information to unknown devices. The metaheuristic approach is one of the most advantageous ways to deal with this challenging issue and overcome the disadvantages of the traditional methods that often suffer from computational time problems and small network deployment scale. This study proposes an enhanced whale optimization algorithm that is an advanced metaheuristic algorithm based on the siege mechanism… More >