Adnie Baharin¹, Muhammad Amirul Akmal Rosli¹, Norshariza Mohamad Bhkari^1,2, Lum Wei Chen², Anis Azmi¹, Muhammad Shaiful Nordin³, Zakiah Ahmad^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.9, pp. 3533-3546, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.028675

Abstract The depth adjustment factor for bending strength stated in Eurocode 5 (EC5) is only applicable to timbers having a characteristic density below 700 kg/m³ . However, most Malaysian timbers are hardwood, some with a characteristic density reaching above 700 kg/m³ . Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether the depth adjustment factor stipulated in EC5 is valid for Malaysian hardwood timbers. Six timber species were selected for this study, namely Kapur (Dryobalanops C.F.Gaertn.), Kempas (Koompassia Maingay ex Benth.), Keruing (Dipterocarpus C.F.Gaertn.), Light red meranti (Shorea Roxb. ex C.F.Gaertn.), Geronggang (Cratoxylum Blume) and Balau (Shorea Roxb. ex C.F.Gaertn.).… More > Graphic Abstract

Jakkid Sanetuntikul¹, Borwon Narupai², Nawadon Petchwattana^3,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.9, pp. 3567-3582, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.029308

Abstract Wastes from polypropylene (PP) packages are accumulating every year because it is one of the most widely consumed and short lifecycle products. This paper aims to develop low thermal conductive and fire-retardant materials from post-consumer PP (pPP) packages. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and hollow glass microsphere (HGM) were further added to improve the fire retardancy and thermal conductivity of pPP. The influence of APP and HGM on the mechanical and thermal properties, fire retardancy and thermal conductivity of pPP were investigated and compared with that of virgin PP (vPP). HGM was constantly added at 5 wt% while the content of APP… More > Graphic Abstract

Guobing Xiong¹, Lu Hong², Zehui Ju³, Xiaoning Lu^3,*, Juwan Jin^3,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.9, pp. 3447-3461, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027430

Abstract The study characterized the curing behaviors of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin under different vacuum degrees and explored the properties of 9-ply plywood panels hot-pressed under both vacuum and atmospheric conditions. The changes in core temperature and moisture content of the plywood mats during hot pressing were investigated as well. It was found that the gel times and gel temperatures of PF resin decreased with the increase of vacuum degree using a self-made device. FTIR spectra indicated the degree of polycondensation of hydroxymethyl gradually increased with the increase in temperature. It was also observed that a higher degree of vacuum led… More >

Yafei Hu^1,2, Keqing Li^1,2, Bo Zhang^1,2, Bin Han^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.9, pp. 3463-3484, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027532

Abstract The super-fine particle size of tailings is its drawback as a recycled resource, which is reflected in the low strength of the new construction and industrial materials formed when it is mixed with cement and other cementitious materials. Therefore, it is crucial to study the effect of tailings particle size and cementitious material on the strength of tailings wet shotcrete (TWSC) and to investigate the optimal mix proportion. In this paper, a multivariate nonlinear response model was constructed by conducting central composite experiments to investigate the effect of different factors on the strength of TWSC. The strength prediction and mix… More >

Mahdi Hosseini^1,2,*, Bingyu Jian^1,2, Jian Zhang³, Haitao Li^1,2,*, Rodolfo Lorenzo⁴, Ahmad Hosseini⁵, Pritam Ghosh⁵, Feng Shen⁶, Dong Yang^1,2, Ziang Wang^1,2

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.9, pp. 3517-3531, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.028164

Abstract The safety of civilian and military infrastructure is a concern due to an increase in explosive risks, which has led to a demand for high-strength civil infrastructure with improved energy absorption capacity. In this study, a Finite Element (FE) numerical model was developed to determine the effect of hybrid Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) as a strengthening material on full-scale Reinforced Concrete (RC) slabs. The reinforcing materials under consideration were Carbon (CFRP) and Glass (GFRP) fibres, which were subjected to blast loads to determine the structural response. A laminated composite fabric material model was utilized to model the failure of composite,… More > Graphic Abstract

Fatemeh Rezaei^1,2,*, Milan Gaff^1,3,4,*, Róbert Nemeth⁵, Jerzy Smardzewski⁶, Peter Niemz⁷, Haitao Li^8,9, Anil Kumar Sethy^1,10, Luigi Todaro¹¹, Gourav Kamboj¹, Sumanta Das¹, Roberto Corleto¹, Gianluca Ditommaso¹, Miklós Bak⁵

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.8, pp. 3277-3296, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.028352

Abstract The performance of engineered wood products is highly associated with proper bonding and an efficient cutting method. This paper investigates the influence of CO₂ laser cutting on the wetting properties, the modified chemical component of the laser-cut surface, and the strength and adhesive penetration near the bondline. Beechwood is cut by the laser with varying processing parameters, cutting speeds, gas pressures, and focal point positions. The laser-cut samples were divided into two groups, sanded and non-sanded samples. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive (PVAc) was used to bond the groups of laser-cut samples. After assembly with cold pressing, the tensile shear test was… More >

Jinxing Wang^1,2,3, Yingjie Yang^1,2,3, Xiaolin Yang^1,2,3, Huazhe Jiao^1,2,3,4,*, Qi Wang^1,2,3, Liuhua Yang^1,2,3, Jianxin Yu^1,2,3, Fengbin Chen^1,2,3

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.8, pp. 3351-3370, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027512

Abstract In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of high fines sand (HFS) produced by the mine, full solid waste shotcrete (HFS-BFRS) was prepared with HFS as fine aggregate in cooperation with basalt fiber (BF). The strength growth characteristics of HFS-BFRS were analyzed. And the fitting equation of compressive strength growth characteristics of HFS-BFRS under the synergistic effect of multiple factors was given. And based on the orthogonal experimental method, the effects on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of HFS-BFRS under the action of different levels of influencing factors were investigated. The effect of three factors… More >

Aida Haryati Jamadi¹, Nadlene Razali^1,3,*, Sivakumar Dhar Malingam^1,3, Mastura Mohammad Taha^2,3

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.8, pp. 3261-3276, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.028280

Abstract Natural fibre as a reinforcing agent has been widely used in many industrial applications. Nevertheless, several factors need to be considered, such as the size and weight percentage of the fibre used in binding. Using fused deposition modelling (FDM), this factor was investigated by varying the size of natural fibre as the responding variable with a fixed weight percentage of kenaf fibre. The process of modifying the natural fibre in terms of size might increase the dispersion of kenaf fibre in the polymer matrix and increase the adhesion bonding between the fibre and matrix of composites, subsequently improving the interfacial… More >

Qixian Zhang^#, Yi Guo^#, Huicong Liu, Weiping Li, Liqun Zhu, Haining Chen^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.8, pp. 3193-3201, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027730

Abstract All-inorganic CsPbI₃ perovskite has attracted wide attention due to its desirable optical bandgap (E_g: ∼1.7 eV) as well as high chemical stability. Nevertheless, the photovoltaic performance of CsPbI₃ perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was limited by severe nonradiative charge recombination due to high defect density at the grain boundary and surface of perovskite films. To address this issue, a pyrrolidinium iodide (PyI) molecule was introduced to modify the surface and grain boundary of CsPbI₃ perovskite films to passivate defects, which improves the quality of CsPbI₃ perovskite films as well as induces the generation of a quasi-2D Py₂CsPb₂I₇ capping layer between perovskite… More > Graphic Abstract

Wenjing Xia^1,*, JinHui Wang¹, Tao Xu¹, Nan Jiang²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.8, pp. 3387-3402, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026971

Abstract To understand the effects of filler-asphalt ratio on different properties of lignin and polyester fiber reinforced shape memory polyurethane (SMPU)/styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) composite modified asphalt mortar (PSAM), as well as to reveal the reinforcing and toughening mechanisms of lignin and polyester fibers on PSAM, SMPU, SBS and mineral powder were first utilized to prepare PSAM. Then the conventional, rheological and anticracking properties of lignin fiber reinforced PSAM (LFAM) and polyester fiber reinforced PSAM (PFAM) at different filler-asphalt ratios were characterized. Test results indicate that the shear strength, deformation resistance and viscosity are increased after adding 0.8wt% lignin fiber or… More > Graphic Abstract