Sanjog Chhetri Sapkota^1,2, Liborio Cavaleri³, Ajaya Khatri⁴, Siddhi Pandey⁵, Satish Paudel⁶, Panagiotis G. Asteris^7,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.069691 - 29 January 2026

Abstract Optimization is the key to obtaining efficient utilization of resources in structural design. Due to the complex nature of truss systems, this study presents a method based on metaheuristic modelling that minimises structural weight under stress and frequency constraints. Two new algorithms, the Red Kite Optimization Algorithm (ROA) and Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA), are utilized on five benchmark trusses with 10, 18, 37, 72, and 200-bar trusses. Both algorithms are evaluated against benchmarks in the literature. The results indicate that SBOA always reaches a lighter optimal. Designs with reducing structural weight ranging from 0.02%… More >

Xiaolu Wang^1,2, Haoyu Sun¹, Aiguo Wang¹, Xin Xia^3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073991 - 27 January 2026

Abstract To address the issues of insufficient and imbalanced data samples in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance degradation prediction, this study proposes a data augmentation-based model to predict PEMFC performance degradation. Firstly, an improved generative adversarial network (IGAN) with adaptive gradient penalty coefficient is proposed to address the problems of excessively fast gradient descent and insufficient diversity of generated samples. Then, the IGAN is used to generate data with a distribution analogous to real data, thereby mitigating the insufficiency and imbalance of original PEMFC samples and providing the prediction model with training data rich More >

Seenaa Khudhayer Salman¹, Shaymaa Husham Abdulmalek^2,*, Ali Ahmed Gitan¹, Thamer Khalif Salem³, Raaid Rashad Jassem Al-Doury³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073940 - 27 January 2026

Abstract Operating Lithium-ion batteries at their temperature limits is a challenging design task due to explosion risk at high temperatures and rapid degradation at low temperatures. Depending on the battery package design, those risks can be solved with passive solutions, which require no active cooling or heating. The current work aims to optimize the pack design and materials of the type-NCR18650B battery based on a wide range of operation temperature. The lower limit was denoted by cold case while the maximum limit was expressed by hot case. A combined analytical-numerical approach was developed to model the… More >

Abdulrazzak Akroot¹, Kayser Aziz Ameen², Haitham M. Ibrahim³, Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab^3,*, Miqdam T. Chaichan⁴

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073702 - 27 January 2026

Abstract Improving energy efficiency and lowering negative environmental impact through waste heat recovery (WHR) is a critical step toward sustainable cement manufacturing. This study analyzes advanced cogeneration systems for recovering waste heat from the Fallujah White Cement Plant in Iraq. The novelty of this work lies in its direct application and comparative thermodynamic analysis of three distinct cogeneration cycles—the Organic Rankine Cycle, the Single-Flash Steam Cycle, and the Dual-Pressure Steam Cycle—within the Iraqi cement industry, a context that has not been widely studied. The main objective is to evaluate and compare these models to determine the… More > Graphic Abstract

Firas Mahmood Younis^1,*, Omar Mohammad Hamdoon², Ayad Younis Abdulla¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073483 - 27 January 2026

Abstract This paper presents an experimental analysis of a solar-assisted powered underfloor heating system, designed primarily to boost energy efficiency and achieve reliable desired steady-state temperature in buildings. We thoroughly tested the system’s thermal and operational features by subjecting it to three distinct scenarios that mimicked diverse solar irradiance and environmental conditions. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between variations in solar input and overall system performance. The Solar Fraction (SF), our key energy efficiency metric, varied significantly across the cases, ranging from 63.1% up to 88.7%. This high reliance on renewables resulted in a substantial… More >

Benali Touhami¹, Bennaceur Said¹, Atouani Toufik¹, Lammari Khelifa², Ouradj Boudjamaa², Bounaama Fateh², Belkacem Draoui², Lyes Bennamoun^3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073329 - 27 January 2026

Abstract The aim of this study is to design, build, and evaluate an indirect forced convection solar dryer adapted to semi-arid climate, such as that of Béchar situated in the west south region of Algeria. The tested drying system consists of a flat-plate solar collector, an insulated two-chamber drying unit, and an Arduino-controlled device that ensures uniform temperature distribution and real-time monitoring using DHT22 sensors. Drying tests were conducted on locally grown beet slices at air temperatures of 45°C, 60°C, and 80°C, with a constant air velocity of 1.2 m/s and a mass flow rate of… More > Graphic Abstract

Fadhil M. Oleiwi¹, Jaber O. Dahloos², Amer Resen Kalash³, Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab³, Miqdam T. Chaichan^1,4,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073313 - 27 January 2026

Abstract In the present study, researchers examined a solar off-grid-connected photovoltaic system for a family house in the city of Baghdad. The design was created with the help of the “How to Design PV Program” and the “Renewable Energy Investment Calculator (REICAL)” software (Version 1.1). In Iraq, the national grid provides around 71% of the overall electricity demand, though this drops to nearly 50% during extremely hot and cold months, where the supply alternates between four hours on and four hours off. During the off periods, power is generated by local generators at high costs. To… More >

Hussain H. Al-Kayiem^1,*, Safaa M. Ali², Sundus S. Al-Azawiey³, Raed A. Jessam³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073303 - 27 January 2026

Abstract Gas Turbines are among the most important energy systems for aviation and thermal-based power generation. The performance of gas turbine intakes with S-shaped diffusers is vulnerable to flow separation, reversal flow, and pressure distortion, mainly in aggressive S-shaped diffusers. Several methods, including vortex generators and energy promoters, have been proposed and investigated both experimentally and numerically. This paper compiles a review of experimental investigations that have been performed and reported to mitigate flow separation and restore system performance. The operational principles, classifications, design geometries, and performance parameters of S-shaped diffusers are presented to facilitate the… More > Graphic Abstract

Luyao Liu^*, Xiao Liao, Yiqian Li, Shaofeng Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072631 - 27 January 2026

Abstract Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions. In the context of carbon neutrality, the integration of data centers with renewable energy has become a prevailing trend. To advance the renewable energy integration in data centers, it is imperative to thoroughly explore the data centers’ operational flexibility. Computing workloads and refrigeration systems are recognized as two promising flexible resources for power regulation within data center micro-grids. This paper identifies and categorizes delay-tolerant computing workloads into three types (long-running non-interruptible, long-running interruptible, and short-running) and develops… More >

Cheng Yang^*, Hanjie Qi, Qing Yin

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070957 - 27 January 2026

Abstract In order to enhance the off-peak performance of gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) units, a novel collaborative power generation system (CPG) was proposed. During off-peak operation periods, the remaining power of the GTCC was used to drive the adiabatic compressed air energy storage (ACAES), while the intake air of the GTCC was heated by the compression heat of the ACAES. Based on a 67.3 MW GTCC, under specific demand load distribution, a CPG system and a benchmark system (BS) were designed, both of which used 9.388% of the GTCC output power to drive the ACAES.… More >