Yu-Jyun Chen, Xian-Hao Yang, Yun-Yang Chao^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.5, pp. 1477-1489, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015719

Abstract Nanosilver (10⁻⁹ m) refers to particles comprising 20–15,000 silver atoms, exhibiting high stability and specific surface area. At present, nanosilver has been used in agricultural cultivation and production. This study examined the effects of nanosilver on growth and development of rice root systems. Study results showed that fresh weight of rice belowground organs and root length both increased significantly by 5% and 25%, respectively, after rice radicles were treated with 2 ppm of nanosilver for three days. However, the H₂O₂ level reached its peak at 2 days from treatment, but the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT, APX, and GR… More >

Hailing Li^1,2, Lingfeng Xu¹, Zhuowei Li¹, Shunxin Zhao¹, Dongqin Guo¹, Lu Rui^1,*, Nong Zhou^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.5, pp. 1535-1547, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015697

Abstract Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, in which polyphyllin as the main medicinal component is an important secondary metabolite with bioactivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have multiple positive effects on plants, while it is not clear whether AMF increase the content of medicinal components in medicinal plants. In this study, a total of nine AMF treatments were laid to analyze the mycorrhizal effect on polyphyllin accumulation and PpHMGR and PpSE expression of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. AMF increased the content of polyphyllin in the cultivated variety with low relation to the increase of inoculation intensity. Polyphyllin… More >

Dan Wang¹, Fengjuan Lu¹, Pengkai Wang¹, Jiaji Zhang¹, Lu Lu¹, Yan Zhen¹, Ye Lu¹, Tielong Cheng², Jisen Shi^1,*, Jinhui Chen^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.5, pp. 1445-1463, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015499

Abstract Somatic cells respond to considerable stress, and go through a series of phytohormone pathways, then forming an embryo. The developmental process is recorded as somatic embryogenesis (SE). One of the key components regulating SE are the microRNAs (miRNAs). Despite previous studies, it is still not clear exactly how miRNAs exert their function of regulating targets during conditionally activated early SE. Here, we use Liriodendron sino-americanum as a model system and perform a combined analysis of microfluidic chips and degradome sequencing to study this process. We identified a total of 386 conserved miRNAs and 153 novel miRNAs during early SE. According… More >

Seerat Saleem¹, Naveed Ul Mushtaq¹, Wasifa Hafiz Shah¹, Aadil Rasool¹, Khalid Rehman Hakeem^2,*, Reiaz Ul Rehman^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.5, pp. 1363-1385, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014826

Abstract Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, cold, nutrient deficiency, excess salt and hazardous metals can hamper plantgrowth and development. Intensive agriculture of only a few major staple food crops that are sensitive and intolerant to environmental stresses has led to an agrarian crisis. On the other hand, nutritionally rich, gluten free and stress tolerant plants like millets are neglected and underutilized. Millets sustain about one-third of the world’s population and show exceptional tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Millets are C4 plants that are adapted to marginal and dry lands of arid and semi-arid regions, and survive low rainfall… More >

Yuanfen Gao, Tinglan Jiang, Yin Xiang, Xuewu He, Zhen Zhang, Shengjuan Wen, Junjie Zhang^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.5, pp. 1465-1476, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014811

Abstract Brassinosteroids participate in many physiological processes in plants; however, their regulatory roles on the activities of the enzymes involved in dark phase of photosynthesis remains elusive. In this study, detached leaves and protoplasts of maize seedlings were treated with epi-brassinolide (EBR) and brassinazole followed by the determination of the contents of chlorophyll (a+b) and soluble sugars, and the activity of dark reaction enzymes and the expression of the relevant genes. The results showed that chlorophyll (a+b) content increased by 7.4% under 0.1 μM EBR treatment for 48 h; furthermore, chlorophyll (a+b) content increased by 34% in detached leaves that were… More >

Azam Zaka¹, Ahmad Saeed Akhter¹, Riffat Jabeen^2,*, Aamir Sanaullah²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.127, No.3, pp. 1201-1223, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014477

Abstract In practice, the control charts for monitoring of process mean are based on the normality assumption. But the performance of the control charts is seriously affected if the process of quality characteristics departs from normality. For such situations, we have modified the already existing control charts such as Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart and hybrid exponentially weighted moving average (HEWMA) control chart by assuming that the distribution of underlying process follows Power function distribution (PFD). By considering the situation that the parameters of PFD are unknown, we estimate them by using three classical estimation methods,… More >

Tao Zhang^1,*, Ke Xu^1,2, Wenxiong Huang¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.127, No.3, pp. 1101-1117, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015406

Abstract In this paper, the densely arrayed bonded particle model is proposed for simulation of granular materials with discrete element method (DEM) considering particle crushing. This model can solve the problem of pore calculation after the grains are crushed, and reduce the producing time of specimen. In this work, several one-dimensional compressing simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of particle crushing on mechanical properties of granular materials under a wide range of stress. The results show that the crushing process of granular materials can be divided into four different stages according to e_r-logσ_y curves. At the end of the… More >

Yudong Zhang^1,3,*, Xin Zhang^2,*, Weiguo Zhu¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.127, No.3, pp. 1037-1058, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015807

Abstract Aim: To diagnose COVID-19 more efficiently and more correctly, this study proposed a novel attention network for COVID-19 (ANC). Methods: Two datasets were used in this study. An 18-way data augmentation was proposed to avoid overfitting. Then, convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was integrated to our model, the structure of which is fine-tuned. Finally, Grad-CAM was used to provide an explainable diagnosis. Results: The accuracy of our ANC methods on two datasets are 96.32% ± 1.06%, and 96.00% ± 1.03%, respectively. Conclusions: This proposed ANC method is superior to 9 state-of-the-art approaches. More >

P. Veeresha¹, Esin Ilhan², D. G. Prakasha³, Haci Mehmet Baskonus⁴, Wei Gao^5,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.127, No.3, pp. 1013-1036, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.014988

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the behaviour of solution for the system exemplifying model of tumour invasion and metastasis by the help of q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM) with the fractional operator. The analyzed model consists of a system of three nonlinear differential equations elucidating the activation and the migratory response of the degradation of the matrix, tumour cells and production of degradative enzymes by the tumour cells. The considered method is graceful amalgamations of q-homotopy analysis technique with Laplace transform (LT), and Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) fractional operator is hired in the present study. By using the fixed point theory, existence… More >

Heonmoo Kim, Yosoon Choi^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.127, No.3, pp. 943-964, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015300

Abstract In underground mine environments where various hazards exist, such as tunnel collapse, toxic gases, the application of autonomous robots can improve the stability of exploration and efficiently perform repetitive exploratory operations. In this study, we developed a small autonomous driving robot for unmanned environmental monitoring in underground mines. The developed autonomous driving robot controls the steering according to the distance to the tunnel wall measured using the light detection and ranging sensor mounted on the robot to estimate its location by simultaneously considering the measured values of the inertial measurement unit and encoder sensors. In addition, the robot autonomously drives… More >