Open Access

ARTICLE

Associations of systemic immune-inflammation index, product of platelet, and neutrophil count, with the pathological grade of bladder cancer

Lihao Zhang^1,2, Lin Cao^1,2, Lige Huang^1,2, Jie Wang^1,2, Jiabing Li^2,3,*

1 North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
2 Department of Urology, Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, China
3 Department of Urology, Mianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, China

* Corresponding Author: Jiabing Li. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Personalized Medicine in Urology: The Role of Inflammatory Bio-Markers in Urothelial Carcinoma)

Canadian Journal of Urology 2025, 32(5), 457-468. https://doi.org/10.32604/cju.2025.067364

Received 01 May 2025; Accepted 27 August 2025; Issue published 30 October 2025

Abstract

Background: Studies have indicated an association between inflammatory factors (IFs) in the blood and the development of bladder cancer (BC). This study aimed to explore the correlation and clinical significance of IFs with the pathological grading of BC. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the preoperative blood routine results, postoperative pathological findings, and baseline information of 163 patients. Patients were divided into high-grade and low-grade groups based on pathological grading. Group comparisons and logistic regression analyses were performed using R software version 4.1.3 to explore the relationships between IFs and BC pathological grading. Results: The results indicated that platelet count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, and hypertension (all p < 0.05) were associated with BC pathological grading. The logistic regression model revealed that higher levels of IFs in the blood were associated with a higher probability of high-grade BC tumors (ln-SII, odds ratio [OR]: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.43, 6.38, p = 0.004; ln-PPN, OR: 16.02, 95% CI: 6.37, 47.02, p < 0.001), suggesting a correlation between IFs in the blood and BC pathological grading. Additionally, group comparisons showed that the values of systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and product of platelet and neutrophil count (PPN) were significantly higher in the high-grade BC group than in the low-grade BC group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: IFs have predictive value for BC pathological grading, providing a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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