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ARTICLE

Novel Analysis of SiO₂ + ZnO + MWCNT-Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in Electromagnetic Squeezing Systems

Muhammad Hamzah¹, Muhammad Ramzan^2,*, Abdulrahman A. Almehizia³, Ibrahim Mahariq^4,5,6,7,8,*, Laila A. Al-Essa⁹, Ahmed S. Hassan¹⁰

1 Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
2 KMUTT Fixed Point Research Laboratory, Room SCL 802, Fixed Point Laboratory, Science Laboratory Building, Departments of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha-Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
3 Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, India
5 College of Engineering and Architecture, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mishref, 32093, Kuwait
6 Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11931, Jordan
7 Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
8 University College, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
9 Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
10 Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 706, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia

* Corresponding Authors: Muhammad Ramzan. Email: ; Ibrahim Mahariq. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Applications of Modelling and Simulation in Nanofluids)

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2026, 146(1), 19 https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2025.070435

Received 16 July 2025; Accepted 27 August 2025; Issue published 29 January 2026

Abstract

The present investigation inspects the unsteady, incompressible MHD-induced flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid made of SiO2 (silicon dioxide), ZnO (zinc oxide), and MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) suspended in a water-ethylene glycol base fluid between two perforated squeezing Riga plates. This problem is important because it helps us understand the complicated connections between magnetic fields, nanofluid dynamics, and heat transport, all of which are critical for designing thermal management systems. These findings are especially useful for improving the design of innovative cooling technologies in electronics, energy systems, and healthcare applications. No prior study has been done on the theoretical study of the flow of ternary nanofluid (SiO2+ZnO+MWCNT/Water−EthylGlycol,(60:40)) past a pierced squeezed Riga plates using the boundary value problem solver 4th-order collocation (BVP4C) numerical approach to date. So, the current work has been carried out to fill this gap, and the core purpose of this study is to explore the aspects that enhance the heat transfer of base fluids (H2O/EG) suspended with three nanomaterials SiO2,ZnO, and MWCNT. The Riga plates introduce electromagnetic forcing through an embedded array of magnets and electrodes, generating Lorentz forces to regulate the flow. The squeezing effect introduces dynamic boundary movement, which enhances mixing; however, permeability, due to porosity, replicates the true material limits. Similarity transformations of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations result in a highly nonlinear set of ordinary differential equations that govern momentum and thermal energy transport. The subsequent boundary value problem is solved utilizing the BVP4C numerical approach. The study observes the impact of magnetic parameters, squeezing velocity, solid volume percentages of the three nanoparticles, and porous medium factors on velocity and temperature fields. Results show that magnetic fields reduce the velocity profile by 6.75% due to increased squeezing and medium effects. Tri-hybrid nanofluids notice a 9% rise in temperature with higher thermal radiation.

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