Open Access

ARTICLE

Dynamics of serum cytokines in preeclampsia

Almagul Kurmanova^1,2, Gulfairuz Urazbayeva³, Laura Kayupova², Damilya Salimbaeva², Nurzhamal Dzhardemalieva⁴

1 Department of Clinical Disciplines, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
2 Department of Science and Strategic Development, Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 125 Dostyk Ave., 050020 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
3 Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 125 Dostyk Ave., 050020 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
4 International School, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 94 Tole Bi Str., 050012 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

* Corresponding Author: A. Kurmanova,

European Cytokine Network 2024, 35(2), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2024.0497

Accepted 14 June 2024;

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic significance of the dynamics of cytokines and growth factors during pregnancy with and without preeclampsia. The study included 168 pregnant women at risk of hypertensive disorders. The levels of biomarkers of all pregnant women were studied at 12-16 weeks, 28-30 weeks and 36-38 weeks. These included cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-4) and growth factors (placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor). All pregnant women were divided into two groups: 124 patients with preeclampsia and 44 without preeclampsia (control group). In patients with preeclampsia, an increase in the level of tumour necrosis factor-α was observed, compared with the control group: a 6.1-fold increase at 12-16 weeks and a 5.9-fold increase at 36-38 weeks. The level of interferon-γ was also increased, by 44.3% in the first trimester of pregnancy and by 46.8% at 28-30 weeks, compared to the control group. The level of interleukin-4 did not significantly differ between the studied groups. The level of placental growth factor was reduced in pregnant women with preeclampsia at all stages of gestation, and at 28-30 weeks was reduced by 67.9% compared to the control group. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor was also reduced, by 75%, compared with the control group. An increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decrease in growth factors may therefore be considered as potential predictors of the development of preeclampsia, and evaluation of these factors may be advocated in pregnant women with risk factors of preeclampsia.

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Keywords

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