Submit

Login Login

Register Register

Home / Journals / BIOCELL / Online First / doi:10.32604/biocell.2025.071119
Journal Menu
Special Issues
Table of Content

All issues

Online First

2025

2024

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

SAIB Annual Meetings

Open Access

Urinary Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: Current Insights

Ilhong Son1,2, Sun Jung Han2, Dong Hwan Ho1,3,*
1 InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321, Sanbon-ro, Gunpo-si, 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 321, Sanbon-ro, Gunpo-si, 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
3 Curahora Inc., #1002-43,683, Gosan-ro, Gunpo-si, 15802, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
* Corresponding Author: Dong Hwan Ho. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: LRRK2 and Alpha-Synucleinopathy: Molecular Mechanisms in Neuroinflammation and Parkinson's Disease)

BIOCELL https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2025.071119

Received 31 July 2025; Accepted 25 September 2025; Published online 12 November 2025

Abstract

The potential of urinary biomarkers to facilitate non-invasive monitoring of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a promising avenue, offering insights into the complex pathophysiology of the disease. The aggregation of α-synuclein, a central feature of PD, can be detected in urine, providing a diagnostic clue. Mutations in the LRRK2 gene, associated with increased kinase activity, can be estimated through the measurement of phosphorylated LRRK2 (pS1292) in urine. Oxidative stress, a hallmark of PD, is reflected in elevated levels of oxidized DJ-1 (oxDJ-1) in urine. Beyond these core biomarkers, other urinary components like DOPA decarboxylase, acetyl phenylalanine, tyrosine, kynurenine, and oxidized DNA (8-OHdG) are under investigation. These markers reflect diverse pathophysiological processes, including dopamine metabolism, amino acid alterations, and oxidative DNA damage, offering a more comprehensive understanding of PD progression. The potential clinical applications of these biomarkers are significant, including early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The development of a robust panel of urinary biomarkers has the potential to assist PD diagnosis and management, enabling earlier interventions and personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Keywords

Parkinson’s disease; α-synuclein; leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; DJ-1; biomarker; diagnostic tool

  • 378

    View

  • 134

    Download

  • 0

    Like

Related articles
Copyright© 2025 Tech Science Press
© 1997-2025 TSP (Henderson, USA) unless otherwise stated

Share Link