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Macrophage polarization in cardiac transplantation: Insights into immune modulation and therapeutic approaches

by JINGWEI JIANG1,2, BO JIA3, CHUAN WANG3, CHEN FANG1, YUGUI LI1, GUOXING LING1, BAOSHI ZHENG1,*, CHENG LUO1,*

1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
2 The First Clinical Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
3 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China

* Corresponding Authors: BAOSHI ZHENG. Email: email; CHENG LUO. Email: email

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Exploring Mitochondria: Unraveling Structure, Function, and Implications in Health and Disease)

BIOCELL 2025, 49(1), 61-78. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2024.056981

Abstract

The role and regulatory mechanisms of macrophage polarization in cardiac transplantation have gained significant attention. Macrophages can polarize into either the M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype in response to environmental cues. M1 macrophages facilitate transplant rejection by releasing inflammatory mediators and activating T cells, whereas M2 macrophages support graft survival by secreting anti-inflammatory factors and promoting tissue repair. Mitochondrial quality control regulation plays a crucial role in macrophage polarization, which may influence graft survival and immune responses. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial quality control-regulated macrophage polarization in cardiac transplantation, its effects on graft outcomes, and potential therapeutic strategies to modulate this process to enhance transplant success rates. The review was conducted by systematically analyzing recent studies and integrating findings from key research articles to synthesize a comprehensive understanding of this emerging field.

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APA Style
JIANG, J., JIA, B., WANG, C., FANG, C., LI, Y. et al. (2025). Macrophage polarization in cardiac transplantation: insights into immune modulation and therapeutic approaches. BIOCELL, 49(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2024.056981
Vancouver Style
JIANG J, JIA B, WANG C, FANG C, LI Y, LING G, et al. Macrophage polarization in cardiac transplantation: insights into immune modulation and therapeutic approaches. BIOCELL. 2025;49(1):61–78. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2024.056981
IEEE Style
J. JIANG et al., “Macrophage polarization in cardiac transplantation: Insights into immune modulation and therapeutic approaches,” BIOCELL, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 61–78, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2024.056981



cc Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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