Open Access

REVIEW

Eosinophils in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Multifaceted Role in the Pathogenesis of the Disease

Alexander Blagov^1,*, Michael Bukrinsky², Aleksandra Utkina³, Gulalek Babayeva⁴, Vasily Sukhorukov¹, Alexander Orekhov⁵

1 Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, 125315, Russia
2 School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
3 Department of Commodity Expertise and Customs Business, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36, Stremyanny Lane, Moscow, 115054, Russia
4 Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, Moscow, 121552, Russia
5 Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 33, Profsoyuznaya Street, Building 4, Moscow, 117418, Russia

* Corresponding Author: Alexander Blagov. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Basis for the Involvement of Inflammation and Lipids in Pathologies)

BIOCELL 2025, 49(7), 1125-1140. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2025.062821

Received 28 December 2024; Accepted 03 April 2025; Issue published 25 July 2025

Abstract

Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that contribute to the initiation and modulation of inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that eosinophils are adaptable leukocytes that orchestrate the resolution of inflammatory responses. The most prevalent chronic inflammatory illness, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is typified by persistent synovitis that makes it hard for the disease to go away on its own. Interestingly, a unique subset of eosinophils known as regulatory eosinophils has been found in RA patients’ synovium, especially while the disease is in remission. Pro-resolving signatures of regulatory eosinophils in the synovium are distinct from those of their lung counterparts. The most recent research on eosinophils and their function in this disease pathogenesis is compiled in this review. Based on the role of regulatory eosinophils, a new pathological model of inflammation resolution in RA is proposed, and potential therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing the action of regulatory eosinophils in RA are proposed.

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