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Kumudesh Mishra^1,2,*, Or Kakhlon^1,2
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1101-1123, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.061725 - 25 July 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Exploring Mitochondria: Unraveling Structure, Function, and Implications in Health and Disease)
Abstract Mitochondria are central organelles in cellular metabolism, orchestrating energy production, biosynthetic pathways, and signaling networks. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) and its reduced form (NADH) are essential for mitochondrial metabolism, functioning both as redox coenzymes and as signaling agents that help regulate cellular balance. Thus, while its major role is in energy production, NAD⁺ is widely recognized as a metabolic cofactor and also serves as a substrate for various enzymes involved in cellular signaling, like sirtuins (SIRTs), poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerases (PARPs), mono (ADP-ribosyl) transferases, and CD38. Sirtuins, a family of NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases, are critical in this regulatory network.… More >

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1969

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676

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Alexander Blagov^1,*, Michael Bukrinsky², Aleksandra Utkina³, Gulalek Babayeva⁴, Vasily Sukhorukov¹, Alexander Orekhov⁵
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1125-1140, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.062821 - 25 July 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Molecular Basis for the Involvement of Inflammation and Lipids in Pathologies)
Abstract Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that contribute to the initiation and modulation of inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that eosinophils are adaptable leukocytes that orchestrate the resolution of inflammatory responses. The most prevalent chronic inflammatory illness, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is typified by persistent synovitis that makes it hard for the disease to go away on its own. Interestingly, a unique subset of eosinophils known as regulatory eosinophils has been found in RA patients’ synovium, especially while the disease is in remission. Pro-resolving signatures of regulatory eosinophils in the synovium are distinct from those of their lung counterparts. More >

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2004

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761

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Young Mae Ko, Tae Hyon Kim^*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1141-1168, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065464 - 25 July 2025
Abstract Ginsenosides, the bioactive saponins primary found in Panax ginseng, possess a complex structure that underlies their diverse pharmacological properties. Ginsenoside Rg3 stands out for its broad therapeutic potential, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Rg3, emphasizing its roles in regulating apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic pathways relevant to skincare and anticancer applications. The unique biological activities of its isomeric forms, 20(S)-Rg3 and 20(R)-Rg3, are highlighted, alongside strategies to enhance its bioavailability, such as nanoencapsulation and prodrug design. Additionally, the synergistic effects More >

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1495

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646

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Taiyang Zhu¹, Fang Hua^2,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1169-1184, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.064879 - 25 July 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases)
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder characterized primarily by a progressive decline in cognitive and behavioral functions. The pathogenesis of AD has not been fully elucidated till now. The progesterone receptor (PR) family has recently attracted increasing attention and has become the focus of potential links to factors such as the pathogenesis and pathological changes of AD due to its role in the central nervous system. This article summarizes the progress of research progress on the PR family in AD, including its role in pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic strategies. More >

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1673

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610

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Filomena Emanuela Laddaga¹, Pamela Pinto², Bruna Daraia², Antonio D’amato^3,4, Stella D’oronzo^3,5, Stefano Martinotti^3,6,*, Francesco Gaudio^2,3,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1185-1206, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.063572 - 25 July 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tumor Microenvironment in Molecular and Cellular Contexts)
Abstract Checkpoint inhibitors, particularly programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors, have significantly advanced the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), especially in relapsed or refractory cases. However, challenges such as resistance, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and the need for effective patient selection remain. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of resistance to checkpoint inhibitors, including alterations in the tumor microenvironment, loss of antigen presentation, and T-cell exhaustion. Overcoming resistance may involve combination therapies, such as pairing PD-1 inhibitors with other immune checkpoint inhibitors or targeted therapies like Brentuximab vedotin. Additionally, next-generation inhibitors targeting molecules like More >

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529

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Yan Song^1,2,3,#, Yiting Chen^4,#, Xiaojing Li², Peng Pan², Ningfan Hu², Lanyi Wei², Yue Xiao^1,3,*, Chaogang Wei^2,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1207-1223, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065658 - 25 July 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Genetic Biomarkers of Cancer: Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms)
Abstract Objectives: Progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and metastasis are the greatest challenges to effective treatment. Anticancer strategies targeting the key kinases associated with the development of CRPC may represent a breakthrough. The tyrosine kinase receptor Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) A2 receptor is highly expressed in CRPC cell lines and may be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the effects and exact mechanisms of EphA2 in CRPC are only partially understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of EphA2 on CRPC cell behaviors and underlying molecular pathways Methods: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing induced EphA2-disrupted in… More >

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443

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Dong Hwan Ho^1,*, Minhyung Lee^2,3, Daleum Nam¹, Hyejung Kim¹, Janghwan Kim^2,3, Mi Kyoung Seo^4,5, Sung Woo Park^4,5, Ilhong Son^1,6,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1225-1244, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065486 - 25 July 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: LRRK2 and Alpha-Synucleinopathy: Molecular Mechanisms in Neuroinflammation and Parkinson's Disease)
Abstract Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by symptoms like tremors, muscle rigidity, and slow movement. The main cause of these symptoms is the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in a brain area called the substantia nigra. Various genetic and environmental factors contribute to this neuronal loss. Once symptoms of PD begin, they worsen with age, which also impacts several critical cellular processes. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a gene associated with PD. Certain mutations in LRRK2, such as G2019S, increase its activity, disrupting cellular mechanisms necessary for healthy neuron function, including… More >

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1262

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479

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Siliang Liu^1,#, Hong Tang^2,#, Ying Xia¹, Zhengtao Yu¹, Ning Gao^1,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1245-1264, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.064396 - 25 July 2025
Abstract Objectives: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 1-mediated pyroptosis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). C-Myc is reported to play a major role in CIRI. However, the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether c-Myc affects CIRI by regulating Serine/Arginine-rich Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1)/NLRP1-mediated pyroptosis. Methods: Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) induced neuroblastoma cells for the establishment of an in vitro CIRI model. The levels of c-Myc and SRSF1, cell viability, the expression of pyroptosis-related factors, and the interaction between SRSF1 and NLRP1 were evaluated. Results: The expression of c-Myc and… More >

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918

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418

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Yan-Jyun Lin^1,#, I-Ta Lee^2,#, Wen-Bin Wu^3,4, Chien-Chung Yang^5,6, Chiang-Wen Lee^7,8,9, Fuu-Jen Tsai^10,11,12, Hui-Ching Tseng¹³, Wei-Ning Lin⁴, Li-Der Hsiao⁴, Chuen-Mao Yang^4,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1265-1290, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.066223 - 25 July 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Inflammation and Immune Regulation: From Genotoxicity to Apoptosis)
Abstract Background: Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), commonly utilized in industrial and biomedical fields, are known to provoke pulmonary inflammation by elevating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs). Salvianolic acid A (SAA), a water-soluble polyphenol extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), possesses well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Nevertheless, its potential to counteract SiNP-induced inflammatory responses in the lung has not been thoroughly explored. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the protective role and mechanistic actions of SAA against SiNP-triggered inflammation in both cellular and animal models. Methods: HPAEpiCs were pre-incubated with SAA prior to SiNP exposure to… More >

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977

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382

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Nu Ri Song^1,#, Seo Yeon Shin^1,#, Ki Min Kim¹, Sa Rang Choi¹, Doo Sang Park², Sun Oh Kim³, Dai Hyun Jung⁴, Kyung Mok Park^1,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1291-1310, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065467 - 25 July 2025
Abstract Objectives: Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a beneficial Lactobacillus widely used in foods and supplements to promote overall health. Some studies also suggest it supports skin health and prevents allergies and cardiovascular disease. However, research on its skin-protective effects against photoaging has not been conducted. This study evaluated the potential of culture broths from three L. reuteri strains (DS0333, DS0384, and DS0385) to inhibit skin photoaging. Methods: To assess their anti-photoaging potential, the culture broths were examined for antioxidant capacity, melanin inhibition, and collagen synthesis promotion. Radical scavenging activity was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2^′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays.… More >

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