Open Access

REVIEW

The Role of Ginsenoside Rg3 in Modulating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Angiogenesis: Implications for Skincare and Anticancer Therapies

Young Mae Ko, Tae Hyon Kim^*

Product Development Team, Agricultural Corporation Korean Master Ginseng Co., Ltd., 30 Digital-ro 32-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08390, Republic of Korea

* Corresponding Author: Tae Hyon Kim. Email:

BIOCELL 2025, 49(7), 1141-1168. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2025.065464

Received 13 March 2025; Accepted 27 May 2025; Issue published 25 July 2025

Abstract

Ginsenosides, the bioactive saponins primary found in Panax ginseng, possess a complex structure that underlies their diverse pharmacological properties. Ginsenoside Rg3 stands out for its broad therapeutic potential, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Rg3, emphasizing its roles in regulating apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic pathways relevant to skincare and anticancer applications. The unique biological activities of its isomeric forms, 20(S)-Rg3 and 20(R)-Rg3, are highlighted, alongside strategies to enhance its bioavailability, such as nanoencapsulation and prodrug design. Additionally, the synergistic effects of Rg3 when combined with other treatments are discussed, underscoring its promise as a bridging agent between conventional and emerging therapies in dermatology and oncology. Finally, the current research gaps are identified, and future directions are proposed to further optimize the clinical application of Rg3.

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Keywords

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