Open Access

REVIEW

Stephanie Seneff^1,*, Greg Nigh², Anthony M. Kyriakopoulos^3,4
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1545-1572, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.066687 - 25 September 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Protein Misfolding Diseases)
Abstract Deuterium is a heavy isotope of hydrogen, with an extra neutron, endowing it with unique biophysical and biochemical properties compared to hydrogen. The ATPase pumps in the mitochondria depend upon proton motive force to catalyze the reaction that produces ATP. Deuterons disrupt the pumps, inducing excessive reactive oxygen species and decreased ATP synthesis. The aim of this review is to develop a theory that mitochondrial dysfunction due to deuterium overload, systemically, is a primary cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The gut microbes supply deuterium-depleted short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to the colonocytes, particularly butyrate, and… More >

View

3997

Download

966

Open Access

REVIEW

Mikhail Syromyatnikov^1,2,*, Mariya Gladkikh¹, Ekaterina Nesterova¹, Shima Kazemzadeh¹, Polina Morozova¹, Olga Korneeva¹
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1573-1603, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065311 - 25 September 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Inflammation and Immune Regulation: From Genotoxicity to Apoptosis)
Abstract The gut microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms that plays a direct role in the health of both the gastrointestinal tract and the entire body. Numerous factors influence the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. Microbial imbalance can contribute to disease development. Probiotics are biologically active supplements with promising properties that have high therapeutic potential. Currently, there is a tendency to switch from classic probiotic microorganisms represented by lactic acid bacteria to next-generation probiotics due to their unique ability to influence the human immune system. New-generation probiotics include bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides sp., More >

View

2406

Download

642

Open Access

REVIEW

CHIOMA C. EZEUKO^#, SANDANI V. T. WIJERATHNE^#, QIANA L. MATTHEWS^*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1605-1629, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065474 - 25 September 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Exploring the Mechanism and Theranostic Potential of Extracellular RNAs in Current Medicine)
Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have arisen as potential therapeutic tools in managing infectious diseases because EVs can regulate cell-to-cell signaling, function as drug transport mechanisms, and influence immune reactions. They are obtained from a myriad of sources, such as plants, humans, and animal cells. EVs like exosomes and ectosomes can be utilized in their native form as therapeutics or engineered to encompass antimicrobials, vaccines, and oligonucleotides of interest with a targeted delivery strategy. An in-depth understanding of host-pathogen dynamics provides a solid foundation for exploiting its full potential in therapeutics against infectious diseases. This review mainly More >

View

2047

Download

608

Open Access

REVIEW

Stanislav Kotlyarov^1,*, Dmitry Oskin²
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1631-1661, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.066675 - 25 September 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Mechanisms Driving COPD, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Innovations)
Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory tuberculosis are important respiratory problems. Meeting together, these diseases can mutually worsen the severity of clinical manifestations and negatively affect prognosis. COPD and tuberculosis share a number of common risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms involving various immune and non-immune cells. Inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and lung tissue remodeling play an important role in the comorbid course of COPD and respiratory tuberculosis. These mechanisms are of diagnostic interest and are promising therapeutic targets. Thus, the aim of the current review is to discuss the mechanisms of the comorbid course More >

View

2189

Download

743

Open Access

REVIEW

Ana M. Vela-AlcáNtara¹, Diego J. HernáNdez-SáNchez^1,2, Elisa Tamariz^1,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1663-1695, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.066201 - 25 September 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in Human Diseases)
Abstract Cells are exposed to various mechanical forces, including extracellular and intracellular forces such as stiffness, tension, compression, viscosity, and shear stress, which regulate cell biology. The process of transducing mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals is termed mechanotransduction. These mechanical forces can regulate protein and gene expression, thereby impacting cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. During cancer development, significant changes in extracellular and intracellular mechanical properties occur, resulting in altered mechanical inputs to which cells are exposed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), key post-transcriptional regulators of gene and protein expression, are increasingly recognized as mechanosensitive molecules involved in More >

View

1911

Download

732

Open Access

ARTICLE

Sae Hee Cheon¹, Sung-Whan Kim^2,3,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1697-1710, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.068743 - 25 September 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Tissue Regeneration and Vascularization: From Stem Cells to Functional Tissues)
Abstract Objectives: Despite the considerable regenerative capacity exhibited by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), their genetic and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the global gene expression profile of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) using microarray analysis and compared it with stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. Results: Microarray analysis revealed that ASCs express elevated levels of genes related to the extracellular matrix (ECM; extracellular matrix) and collagen, which are critical components of tissue remodeling and wound healing. Additionally, genes associated with cell growth, differentiation, motility, and plasticity were highly expressed. When compared… More >

View

1631

Download

595

Open Access

ARTICLE

Wei Hu¹, Dan Xiong^2,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1711-1731, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.067670 - 25 September 2025
Abstract Objectives: Podocytes undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ferroptosis in response to hyperglycemic stimulation. This is considered an important early event in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Rhein is the main active anthraquinone derivative in several common traditional herbal medicines. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Rhein on podocyte ferroptosis and EMT. Methods: The mouse glomerular podocyte cell line MPC5 was stimulated with high glucose (HG), Rhein, and the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Mechanistic investigations employed plasmids to overexpress and knockdown Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11),… More >

View

1728

Download

595

Open Access

ARTICLE

Ya-Yi Chen^1,2, Tzu-Ting Chen³, Ya-Hsuan Chao⁴, Wen-Ho Chuo⁵, Chieh-Shan Wu^6,7, Ruo-Han Tseng^8,*, Chieh-Chen Huang^9,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1733-1748, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.067011 - 25 September 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Natural and Synthetic Small Molecules in the Regulation of Immune Cell Functions)
Abstract Objectives: Professional antigen-presenting cells known as dendritic cells (DCs) assist as a connection between the innate and adaptive components of the immune response. DCs are attractive targets for immunomodulatory drugs because of their crucial function in triggering immunity. This study set out to examine, for the first time, how hibifolin affected mouse bone-marrow derived (BMDCs) dendritic cells, triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Additionally, a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) was used to assess its possible therapeutic effects in vivo. Methods: LPS was administered to BMDCs with or without hibifolin. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II,… More >

View

1159

Download

501

Open Access

ARTICLE

Luyao Jiang^1,#, Longsheng Fu^2,#, Shaofeng Xiong^2,3, Guosheng Cao⁴, Yanqin Mei^2,3, Yaoqi Wu², Jin Chen^1,*, Yanni LV^2,5,6,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1749-1769, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.068507 - 25 September 2025
Abstract Background: After ischemic stroke, neutrophils hyperactivate, increasing in number and worsening inflammation, causing neural damage. Prior scRNA-seq showed Lrg1 modulates cells subsentence to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, but its mechanism in regulating neutrophil accumulation/differentiation post-injury is unclear. Methods: Lrg1 knockout impact on neutrophil accumulation was assessed via immunofluorescence and western blot. Three-dimensional reconstruction of immunofluorescent staining analyzed cell-cell interactions among neutrophils and microglia. scRNA-seq of WT and Lrg1^-/- mice from GSE245386 and GSE279462 was conducted. Each group conducted oxidative phosphorylation scoring via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), while Metascape was employed to perform GO and KEGG enrichment… More >

Graphic Abstract

View

1482

Download

514

Open Access

ARTICLE

Anjali Kariyarath Valappil^1,#, Reshmi Akter^2,#, Muhammad Awais², Dong Uk Yang³, Daehyo Jung², Li Ling⁴, Eun Kim⁵, Kyu Hyeong Yoon⁵, Yoon Ok Lee⁵, Deok Chun Yang^1,2,4,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1771-1795, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.069145 - 25 September 2025
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Natural Product-Based Anticancer Drug Discovery)
Abstract Objectives: The phytochemical investigation of traditional herbal medicines holds significant promise for modern drug discovery, particularly in cancer therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and immune-modulatory activities of extracts from three herbal medicines with historical use in traditional medicine—Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Phragmites communis, and Pinus densiflora, as well as their combined extract (GMAS 01/COM), on human lung cancer cells (A549) and normal cell lines, including murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Methods: Plant extracts were prepared using aqueous extraction, sonication, and rotary evaporation. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using the… More >

View

1173

Download

487

Open Access

CORRECTION

Junqi Guo^1,2, Yun Yang^1,2, Wei Zhao^1,2, Zhonghai Yan³, Xia Yang⁴, Yunfei Yan^1,2, Ruimin Hao^1,2, Jinxia Hu^1,2,*, Fei Jiao^1,2,*
BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1797-1797, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.071013 - 25 September 2025
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

View

1165

Download

464