Open Access

REVIEW

Cross-Talk between Next-Generation Probiotics and the Immune System

Mikhail Syromyatnikov^1,2,*, Mariya Gladkikh¹, Ekaterina Nesterova¹, Shima Kazemzadeh¹, Polina Morozova¹, Olga Korneeva¹

1 Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, 394036, Russia
2 Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, 394018, Russia

* Corresponding Author: Mikhail Syromyatnikov. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Inflammation and Immune Regulation: From Genotoxicity to Apoptosis)

BIOCELL 2025, 49(9), 1573-1603. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2025.065311

Received 10 March 2025; Accepted 06 June 2025; Issue published 25 September 2025

Abstract

The gut microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms that plays a direct role in the health of both the gastrointestinal tract and the entire body. Numerous factors influence the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. Microbial imbalance can contribute to disease development. Probiotics are biologically active supplements with promising properties that have high therapeutic potential. Currently, there is a tendency to switch from classic probiotic microorganisms represented by lactic acid bacteria to next-generation probiotics due to their unique ability to influence the human immune system. New-generation probiotics include bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides sp., Prevotella sp., Roseburia sp., and Eubacterium sp. Next-generation probiotics can affect host immune cells by secreting various substances, such as butyrate in F. prausnitzii, or through interaction with Toll-like receptors of intestinal epithelial cells, such as A. muciniphila. Studying the role of next-generation probiotics in immune regulation is a promising area of research. This study describes the interactions of next-generation probiotics with the immune system. Understanding the mechanisms of such interactions will improve the treatment of various diseases.

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