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Open Access

ARTICLE

A Blockchain-Based Hybrid Framework for Secure and Scalable Electronic Health Record Management in In-Patient Follow-Up Tracking

Ahsan Habib Siam1, Md. Ehsanul Haque1, Fahmid Al Farid2, Anindita Sutradhar3, Jia Uddin4,*, Sarina Mansor2,*
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
2 Centre for Image and Vision Computing (CIVC), COE for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering (FAIE), Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, 63100, Malaysia
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
4 AI and Big Data Department, Endicott College, Woosong University, Daejeon, 34606, Republic of Korea
* Corresponding Author: Jia Uddin. Email: email; Sarina Mansor. Email: email

Computers, Materials & Continua https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.069718

Received 29 June 2025; Accepted 28 August 2025; Published online 15 December 2025

Abstract

As healthcare systems increasingly embrace digitalization, effective management of electronic health records (EHRs) has emerged as a critical priority, particularly in inpatient settings where data sensitivity and real-time access are paramount. Traditional EHR systems face significant challenges, including unauthorized access, data breaches, and inefficiencies in tracking follow-up appointments, which heighten the risk of misdiagnosis and medication errors. To address these issues, this research proposes a hybrid blockchain-based solution for securely managing EHRs, specifically designed as a framework for tracking inpatient follow-ups. By integrating QR code-enabled data access with a blockchain architecture, this innovative approach enhances privacy protection, data integrity, and auditing capabilities, while facilitating swift and real-time data retrieval. The architecture adheres to Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) principles and utilizes robust encryption techniques, including SHA-256 and AES-256-CBC, to secure sensitive information. A comprehensive threat model outlines trust boundaries and potential adversaries, complemented by a validated data transmission protocol. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework remains reliable in concurrent access scenarios, highlighting its efficiency and responsiveness in real-world applications. This study emphasizes the necessity for hybrid solutions in managing sensitive medical information and advocates for integrating blockchain technology and QR code innovations into contemporary healthcare systems.

Keywords

Electronic health records; blockchain; data security; user access control; QR code; blockchain in healthcare; medical data privacy

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