Submit

Login Login

Register Register

Home / Journals / ENERGY / Online First / doi:10.32604/ee.2025.073313
Journal Menu
Special Issues
Table of Content

All issues

Online First

2025

2024

2023

2022

2021

2020

Past Issues

Open Access

ARTICLE

Solar Photovoltaic System as a Sustainable Solution for Electric Load Shortage in Baghdad: A Design and Economic Study

Fadhil M. Oleiwi1, Jaber O. Dahloos2, Amer Resen Kalash3, Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab3, Miqdam T. Chaichan1,4,*
1 Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
2 Research of Environment and Renewable Energy, Karbala University, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
3 Training and Workshop Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
4 Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, P.O. Box 44, Sohar, PCI 311, Oman
* Corresponding Author: Miqdam T. Chaichan. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advancements in Energy Resources and Their Processes, Systems, Materials and Policies for Affordable Energy Sustainability)

Energy Engineering https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.073313

Received 15 September 2025; Accepted 18 November 2025; Published online 22 December 2025

Abstract

In the present study, researchers examined a solar off-grid-connected photovoltaic system for a family house in the city of Baghdad. The design was created with the help of the “How to Design PV Program” and the “Renewable Energy Investment Calculator (REICAL)” software (Version 1.1). In Iraq, the national grid provides around 71% of the overall electricity demand, though this drops to nearly 50% during extremely hot and cold months, where the supply alternates between four hours on and four hours off. During the off periods, power is generated by local generators at high costs. To promote the adoption of photovoltaic solar systems among Iraqi citizens through loans, three options for meeting 100% of electricity needs have been proposed: an on-grid solution, a hybrid system that supplies 24 h, and an off-grid solution for a 24-h supply. The 12-h off-grid system (hybrid) is both economical and efficient for delivering electricity. Findings reveal that, over 20 years, the system’s output will amount to 141,176.71 kWh, with a payback period of 5.85 years and a performance ratio of 86.2%. Investment outcome data showed a net present value of $6445, and the profitability index was 6.16, indicating the project’s profitability. Additionally, the system could result in a net reduction of CO2 emissions totaling 132,810.24 kg.

Keywords

Design a solar PV system; renewable energy; REICAL; economy evaluation; CO2 mitigation

  • 93

    View

  • 15

    Download

  • 0

    Like

Related articles
Copyright© 2025 Tech Science Press
© 1997-2025 TSP (Henderson, USA) unless otherwise stated

Share Link