Open Access

ARTICLE

Amphiphilic Carboxymethyl Cellulose Stearate for Pickering Emulsions and Antimicrobial Activity of Chrysanthemum Essential Oil

Mohamed El-Sakhawy^1,*, Sally A. Abdel-Halim², Hebat-Allah S. Tohamy¹, Hossam M. El-Masry³, Mona Mohamed AbdelMohsen²

1 Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
2 Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
3 Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt

* Corresponding Author: Mohamed El-Sakhawy. Email:

Journal of Renewable Materials 2025, 13(5), 981-995. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0024

Received 23 October 2024; Accepted 31 December 2024; Issue published 20 May 2025

Abstract

This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate (CMCS) recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste (SB). The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and CMCS structures, with CMCS showing increased H-bonding. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS. CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water, enabling nanoemulsion formation. Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1, showing a particle size of 99 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure, transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1. Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.

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Keywords

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