Open Access

REVIEW

Nanocellulose: A Comprehensive Review of Sustainable Applications and Innovations

Arun Kumar¹, Revanasiddappa Moolemane¹, Thulasi Rajendran², Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna^3,4,*

1 Department of Chemistry, People’s Education Society University, Electronic City Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 100, India
2 Department of Physics, People’s Education Society University, Electronic City Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 100, India
3 Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
4 School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa

* Corresponding Author: Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna. Email:

Journal of Renewable Materials 2025, 13(7), 1315-1346. https://doi.org/10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0050

Received 03 December 2024; Accepted 22 May 2025; Issue published 22 July 2025

Abstract

In the past two decades, nanocellulose has become an innovative material with unique properties. This substance has exceptional mechanical strength, an extensive surface area, and biodegradability. Collaborative integration of nanocellulose offers a more environmentally friendly solution to the current limitations by substituting carbon. Due to its versatility, nanocellulose is commonly employed in various industrial sectors, including paints, adhesives, paper production, and biodegradable polymers. Such versatility enables the creation of customized structures for potential use in emulsion and dispersion applications. Given its biocompatibility and nontoxicity, nanocellulose is particularly well-suited for biomedical purposes such as tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and medical implants. Future advancements in nanotechnology are likely to heavily depend on nanocellulose as it continues to garner attention. Current research has focused on improving synthetic methods, investigating their properties, and expanding their potential applications across various fields. Consequently, enhancing this material presents a promising avenue for eco-friendly technologies and cutting-edge innovations in contemporary studies.

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