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CASE REPORT

Rare Multiple Brain Metastases Following Debulking Surgery and Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Aggressive Prostate Cancer-Case Report

Andong Cheng1,2,#, Yiding Chen1,#, Hao Li1, Feixiang Yang1, Junlan Jiang3, Sheng Tai1, Weiwei Chen4, Yu Guan1, Shuiping Yin1,*, Jialin Meng1,2,*
1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
2 School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
3 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
4 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
* Corresponding Author: Shuiping Yin. Email: email; Jialin Meng. Email: email
# These authors contributed equally to this work.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Unraveling cell death in solid tumors: single-cell & spatial transcriptomics illuminate therapeutic target)

Oncology Research https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2025.066478

Received 09 April 2025; Accepted 03 November 2025; Published online 22 December 2025

Abstract

Background: In clinical practice, approximately 80% of prostate cancer (PC) cases are localized and can achieve favorable outcomes with appropriate treatment. Conversely, some remaining cases exhibit an aggressive phenotype or develop resistance to therapeutic interventions, leading to tumor metastasis and a poorer prognosis. When PC metastasizes to distant sites, the bone remains the predominant location, and brain metastases are regarded as exceedingly rare. Case Description: The current study focused on a rare clinical PC case that presented multiple brain metastases after prostate surgery. The patient was initially diagnosed with PC through prostate biopsy and subsequently underwent prostate debulking surgery while continuing androgen deprivation therapy, which maintained low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels for 4 years. However, a sudden PSA surge to 7.858 ng/mL led to the emergence of two brain metastatic tumors, which were confirmed to have originated from the prostate. Conclusions: Patients with advanced PC require comprehensive evaluations to detect rare metastatic sites, such as the brain, to avoid missed diagnoses. For patients with brain metastases, a multimodal approach combining surgical resection, postoperative radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy can effectively alleviate symptoms and enhance survival.

Keywords

Prostate cancer; brain metastases; metastatic prostate cancer; castration-resistant prostate cancer; case report

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