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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Calmodulin-Like Proteins in Tobacco

by Mengjie Xu, Anbin Wang, Tonghong Zuo, Hecui Zhang, Zhihao Hu, Liquan Zhu*

College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

* Corresponding Author: Liquan Zhu. Email: email

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Plant Genetic Diversity and Evolution)

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2025, 94(1), 157-179. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2025.060566

Abstract

Calmodulin-like (CMLs) proteins are critical in calcium signaling and essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. In many species, the CMLs families have been identified and described. However, the characterization and expression profiling of CMLs genes in tobacco is retrievable. In this study, a comprehensive whole-genome identification and analysis, and 75 NtCML genes were identified in tobacco, each containing two to four EF-hand domains. Most NtCML proteins exhibited conserved gene structures and motifs. Notably, most NtCML proteins were intron-less and distributed across 18 chromosomes. Two pairs of tandemly duplicated genes and seven pairs of segmentally duplicated genes were identified within the tobacco genome. Furthermore, 22 pairs of orthologous CMLs genes were discovered between Arabidopsis and tobacco. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that elements associated with hormones, stress responses, and plant growth and development were found in the promoter regions. Expression analysis indicated that some NtCML genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. Specifically, NtCML12, NtCML18, NtCML27, and NtCML28 showed significant upregulation during cold acclimation treatment. These results indicate that tobacco CMLs act as Ca2+ signal transducers, regulating plant growth and abiotic stress responses.

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APA Style
Xu, M., Wang, A., Zuo, T., Zhang, H., Hu, Z. et al. (2025). Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin-like proteins in tobacco. Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, 94(1), 157–179. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2025.060566
Vancouver Style
Xu M, Wang A, Zuo T, Zhang H, Hu Z, Zhu L. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin-like proteins in tobacco. Phyton-Int J Exp Bot. 2025;94(1):157–179. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2025.060566
IEEE Style
M. Xu, A. Wang, T. Zuo, H. Zhang, Z. Hu, and L. Zhu, “Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Calmodulin-Like Proteins in Tobacco,” Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot., vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 157–179, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2025.060566



cc Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Tech Science Press.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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