Muhammad Sanaullah^1,*, Babar Ahmad², Muhammad Kashif², Tauqeer Safdar², Mehdi Hassan³, Mohd Hilmi Hasan⁴, Norshakirah Aziz⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2471-2488, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019420 - 27 September 2021

Abstract Communication is a basic need of every human being; by this, they can learn, express their feelings and exchange their ideas, but deaf people cannot listen and speak. For communication, they use various hands gestures, also known as Sign Language (SL), which they learn from special schools. As normal people have not taken SL classes; therefore, they are unable to perform signs of daily routine sentences (e.g., what are the specifications of this mobile phone?). A technological solution can facilitate in overcoming this communication gap by which normal people can communicate with deaf people. This… More >

Moustafa El-Shahed^1,*, Asmaa M. Al-Dububan²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2277-2296, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019314 - 27 September 2021

Abstract In this paper, a deterministic and stochastic fractional-order model of the tri-trophic food chain model incorporating harvesting is proposed and analysed. The interaction between prey, middle predator and top predator population is investigated. In order to clarify the characteristics of the proposed model, the analysis of existence, uniqueness, non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions of the proposed model are examined. Some sufficient conditions that ensure the local and global stability of equilibrium points are obtained. By using stability analysis of the fractional-order system, it is proved that if the basic reproduction number , the predator More >

Kamred Udham Singh¹, Hatem Salem Abu-Hamatta², Abhishek Kumar³, Achintya Singhal⁴, Mamoon Rashid^5,*, A. K. Bashir⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2525-2542, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019302 - 27 September 2021

Abstract Teleradiology plays a vital role in the medical field, which permits transmitting medical and imaging data over a communication network. It ensures data reliability and provides convenient communication for clinical interpretation and diagnostic purposes. The transmission of this medical data over a network raises the problems of legal, ethical issues, privacy, and copyright authenticity. The copyright protection of medical images is a significant issue in the medical field. Watermarking schemes are used to address these issues. A gray-level or binary image is used as a watermark frequently in color image watermarking schemes. In this paper,… More >

Jinsu Kim¹, Sungwook Ryu², Namje Park^1,3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 4169-4184, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019277 - 27 September 2021

Abstract A significant number of cloud storage environments are already implementing deduplication technology. Due to the nature of the cloud environment, a storage server capable of accommodating large-capacity storage is required. As storage capacity increases, additional storage solutions are required. By leveraging deduplication, you can fundamentally solve the cost problem. However, deduplication poses privacy concerns due to the structure itself. In this paper, we point out the privacy infringement problem and propose a new deduplication technique to solve it. In the proposed technique, since the user’s map structure and files are not stored on the server, More >

Batyrkhan Omarov^1,2,*, Nurbek Saparkhojayev², Shyrynkyz Shekerbekova³, Oxana Akhmetova¹, Meruert Sakypbekova¹, Guldina Kamalova³, Zhanna Alimzhanova¹, Lyailya Tukenova³, Zhadyra Akanova⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2815-2833, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019246 - 27 September 2021

Abstract Diseases of the cardiovascular system are one of the major causes of death worldwide. These diseases could be quickly detected by changes in the sound created by the action of the heart. This dynamic auscultations need extensive professional knowledge and emphasis on listening skills. There is also an unmet requirement for a compact cardiac condition early warning device. In this paper, we propose a prototype of a digital stethoscopic system for the diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities in real time using machine learning methods. This system consists of three subsystems that interact with each other (1)… More >

Shahab Ul Islam¹, Saifullah Jan², Abdul Waheed^3,4,*, Gulzar Mehmood⁵, Mahdi Zareei⁶, Faisal Alanazi⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 4123-4145, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019226 - 27 September 2021

Abstract Spatial and temporal information on urban infrastructure is essential and requires various land-cover/land-use planning and management applications. Besides, a change in infrastructure has a direct impact on other land-cover and climatic conditions. This study assessed changes in the rate and spatial distribution of Peshawar district’s infrastructure and its effects on Land Surface Temperature (LST) during the years 1996 and 2019. For this purpose, firstly, satellite images of bands7 and 8 ETM+(Enhanced Thematic Mapper) plus and OLI (Operational Land Imager) of 30 m resolution were taken. Secondly, for classification and image processing, remote sensing (RS) applications… More >

Shoroog Khenkar^1,*, Salma Kammoun Jarraya^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2655-2677, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019152 - 27 September 2021

Abstract This paper proposes a novel, efficient and affordable approach to detect the students’ engagement levels in an e-learning environment by using webcams. Our method analyzes spatiotemporal features of e-learners’ micro body gestures, which will be mapped to emotions and appropriate engagement states. The proposed engagement detection model uses a three-dimensional convolutional neural network to analyze both temporal and spatial information across video frames. We follow a transfer learning approach by using the C3D model that was trained on the Sports-1M dataset. The adopted C3D model was used based on two different approaches; as a feature More >

Oday A. Hassen^1,*, Nur Azman Abu¹, Zaheera Zainal Abidin¹, Saad M. Darwish²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2453-2469, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019125 - 27 September 2021

Abstract A robust smile recognition system could be widely used for many real-world applications. Classification of a facial smile in an unconstrained setting is difficult due to the invertible and wide variety in face images. In this paper, an adaptive model for smile expression classification is suggested that integrates a fast features extraction algorithm and cascade classifiers. Our model takes advantage of the intrinsic association between face detection, smile, and other face features to alleviate the over-fitting issue on the limited training set and increase classification results. The features are extracted taking into account to exclude… More >

Nasir Mahmud Khokhar¹, Muhammad Nadeem Majeed², Syed Muslim Shah^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2209-2224, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019120 - 27 September 2021

Abstract In this study, it is proposed that the diffusion least mean square (LMS) algorithm can be improved by applying the fractional order signal processing methodologies. Application of Caputo’s fractional derivatives are considered in the optimization of cost function. It is suggested to derive a fractional order variant of the diffusion LMS algorithm. The applicability is tested for the estimation of channel parameters in a distributed environment consisting of randomly distributed sensors communicating through wireless medium. The topology of the network is selected such that a smaller number of nodes are informed. In the network, a… More >

Nazar Hussain¹, Muhammad Attique Khan¹, Usman Tariq², Seifedine Kadry^3,*, MuhammadAsfand E. Yar⁴, Almetwally M. Mostafa⁵, Abeer Ali Alnuaim⁶, Shafiq Ahmad⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 3281-3294, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019036 - 27 September 2021

Abstract Agriculture is an important research area in the field of visual recognition by computers. Plant diseases affect the quality and yields of agriculture. Early-stage identification of crop disease decreases financial losses and positively impacts crop quality. The manual identification of crop diseases, which are mostly visible on leaves, is a very time-consuming and costly process. In this work, we propose a new framework for the recognition of cucumber leaf diseases. The proposed framework is based on deep learning and involves the fusion and selection of the best features. In the feature extraction phase, VGG (Visual… More >