Ahmed Talal, Osama Abu-Elnasr^*, Samir Elmougy

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3487-3503, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015759 - 01 March 2021

Abstract Due to the demand of high computational speed for processing big data that requires complex data manipulations in a timely manner, the need for extending classical logic to construct new multi-valued optical models becomes a challenging and promising research area. This paper establishes a novel octal-valued logic design model with new optical gates construction based on the hypothesis of Light Color State Model to provide an efficient solution to the limitations of computational processing inherent in the electronics computing. We provide new mathematical definitions for both of the binary OR function and the PLUS operation More >

Muhammad Saad¹, Maaz Bin Ahmad¹, Muhammad Asif^2,*, Khalid Masood², Mohammad A. Al Ghamdi³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3545-3562, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015720 - 01 March 2021

Abstract Social distancing and self-isolation management are crucial preventive measures that can save millions of lives during challenging pandemics of diseases such as the Spanish flu, swine flu, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study describes the comprehensive and effective implementation of the Industrial Internet of Things and machine-to-machine technologies for social distancing and smart self-isolation management. These technologies can help prevent outbreaks of any disease that can disperse widely and develop into a pandemic. Initially, a smart wristband is proposed that incorporates Bluetooth beacon technology to facilitate the tracing and tracking of Bluetooth Low Energy… More >

Sungjin Lee¹, Min Hong², Hongly Va¹, Ji-Yun Park^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3669-3679, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015706 - 01 March 2021

Abstract Subjective visual vertical (SVV) and subjective visual horizontal (SVH) tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality, respectively, and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinical practice. In this study, SVV and SVH screen version tests are implemented using virtual reality (VR) equipment; the proposed test method promotes a more immersive feeling for the subject while using a simple equipment configuration and possessing excellent mobility. To verify the performance of the proposed VR-based SVV and SVH tests, a reliable comparison was made between the traditional screen-based SVV and SVH More >

Nour Ben Ammar¹, Hegazy Rezk^2,3,*, Soufiene Bouallègue^1,4

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 4081-4100, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015681 - 01 March 2021

Abstract This work presents a memetic Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) based tuning approach of an Integral Sliding Mode Controller (ISMC) for a quadrotor type of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Based on the Newton–Euler formalism, a nonlinear dynamic model of the studied quadrotor is firstly established for control design purposes. Since the main parameters of the ISMC design are the gains of the sliding surfaces and signum functions of the switching control law, which are usually selected by repetitive and time-consuming trials-errors based procedures, a constrained optimization problem is formulated for the systematically tuning of these… More >

Ji-Sung Jung¹, Won-Seok Lee¹, Yeong-Rong Lee¹, Jaeho Kim², Hyoung-Kyu Song^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3057-3070, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015673 - 01 March 2021

Abstract Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) has become essential for the increase of capacity as the millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is considered. Also, hybrid beamforming systems have been studied since full-digital beamforming is impractical due to high cost and power consumption of the radio frequency (RF) chains. This paper proposes a hybrid beamforming scheme to improve the spectral efficiency for multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems. In a frequency selective fading environment, hybrid beamforming schemes suffer from performance degradation since the analog precoder performs the same precoding for all subcarriers. To mitigate performance degradation, this paper uses the… More >

Yeon-Sun Ahn, Ok-Ran Jeong^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2695-2708, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015636 - 01 March 2021

Abstract A knowledge graph is a structured graph in which data obtained from multiple sources are standardized to acquire and integrate human knowledge. Research is being actively conducted to cover a wide variety of knowledge, as it can be applied to applications that help humans. However, existing researches are constructing knowledge graphs without the time information that knowledge implies. Knowledge stored without time information becomes outdated over time, and in the future, the possibility of knowledge being false or meaningful changes is excluded. As a result, they can’t reflect information that changes dynamically, and they can’t… More >

SoYeop Yoo, OkRan Jeong^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 2807-2817, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015634 - 01 March 2021

Abstract People occasionally interact with each other through conversation. In particular, we communicate through dialogue and exchange emotions and information from it. Emotions are essential characteristics of natural language. Conversational artificial intelligence is an integral part of all the technologies that allow computers to communicate like humans. For a computer to interact like a human being, it must understand the emotions inherent in the conversation and generate the appropriate responses. However, existing dialogue systems focus only on improving the quality of understanding natural language or generating natural language, excluding emotions. We propose a chatbot based on… More >

Abdulmalik AlSalman¹, Abdu Gumaei^1,*, Amani AlSalman², Suheer Al-Hadhrami¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3847-3864, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015614 - 01 March 2021

Abstract Braille-assistive technologies have helped blind people to write, read, learn, and communicate with sighted individuals for many years. These technologies enable blind people to engage with society and help break down communication barriers in their lives. The Optical Braille Recognition (OBR) system is one example of these technologies. It plays an important role in facilitating communication between sighted and blind people and assists sighted individuals in the reading and understanding of the documents of Braille cells. However, a clear gap exists in current OBR systems regarding asymmetric multilingual conversion of Braille documents. Few systems allow… More >

Maryam Shafiq¹, Humaira Ashraf¹, Ata Ullah², Mehedi Masud³, Muhammad Azeem², N. Z. Jhanjhi^4,*, Mamoona Humayun⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3505-3521, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015533 - 01 March 2021

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining attention because of its broad applicability, especially by integrating smart devices for massive communication during sensing tasks. IoT-assisted Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are suitable for various applications like industrial monitoring, agriculture, and transportation. In this regard, routing is challenging to find an efficient path using smart devices for transmitting the packets towards big data repositories while ensuring efficient energy utilization. This paper presents the Robust Cluster Based Routing Protocol (RCBRP) to identify the routing paths where less energy is consumed to enhances the network lifespan. The scheme is… More >

Rabie A. Ramadan^1,2,*, Bassam W. Aboshosha³, Kusum Yadav¹, Ibrahim M. Alseadoon¹, Munawar J. Kashout¹, Mohamed Elhoseny^4,5

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.3, pp. 3563-3579, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015519 - 01 March 2021

Abstract With the new era of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, many devices with limited resources are utilized. Those devices are susceptible to a significant number of new malware and other risks emerging rapidly. One of the most appropriate methods for securing those IoT applications is cryptographic algorithms, as cryptography masks information by eliminating the risk of collecting any meaningful information patterns. This ensures that all data communications are private, accurate, authenticated, authorized, or non-repudiated. Since conventional cryptographic algorithms have been developed specifically for devices with limited resources; however, it turns out that such algorithms… More >