Sena Yıldız¹, Nurhan Keskin^2,*, Birhan Kunter³, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti⁴, Ozkan Kaya^4,5,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.11, pp. 3471-3492, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073180 - 01 December 2025

Abstract Climate change-driven environmental stresses, particularly ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, pose severe threats to grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) productivity and physiological stability. This study investigated the protective role of melatonin in in vitro plantlets of two grapevine cultivars, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Erciş’, subjected to low (≈8.25 μW cm⁻², 16 h) and high (≈33 μW cm⁻², 4 h) UV-B exposure. Significant cultivar-specific responses were observed (p < 0.001). The ‘Erciş’ cultivar exhibited higher oxidative stress, with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels reaching 24.30 mmol g⁻¹ FW in control plants compared with 14.91 ± 0.25 mmol g⁻¹ FW in ‘Merlot’. Melatonin provided dose-dependent mitigation, reducing MDA to… More >

Nadia Lamsaadi¹, Oumaima Maarouf², Soukaina Lahmaoui², Hamid Msaad², Omar Farssi², Chaima Hamim², Mohamed Tamoudjout², Hafsa Hirt², Habiba Kamal², Majida El Hassni², Cherki Ghoulam^3,4, Ahmed El Moukhtari^5,*, Mohamed Farissi²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.11, pp. 3585-3610, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.072311 - 01 December 2025

Abstract Abiotic stresses, such as drought, heavy metals, salinity, and extreme temperatures, are among the most common adverse threats that restrict the use of land for agriculture and limit crop growth and productivity. As sessile organisms, plants defend themselves from abiotic stresses by developing various tolerance mechanisms. These mechanisms are governed by several biochemical traits. The biochemical mechanisms are the products of key genes that express under specific conditions. Interestingly, the expression of these genes is regulated by specialized proteins known as transcription factors (TFs). Several TFs, including those from the bZIP, bHLH, MYB, HSF, WRKY,… More >

Qinfu Sun, Junqiang Xing, Wanyu Zhang, Chen Lin^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.11, pp. 3349-3370, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071525 - 01 December 2025

Abstract Extensive transcriptomic reprogramming is triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, with coordinated regulation mediated through multiple transcription factor families, such as WRKY, MYB, NAC, and BBX proteins. Among these, B-box (BBX) proteins represent a distinct class of zinc finger transcription factors characterized by the presence of conserved B-box domains. They serve as central regulators in plant photomorphogenesis and developmental processes. Accumulating genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrates that BBX family members orchestrate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses through multifaceted molecular mechanisms, including the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, enhancement of… More >

Abdil Hakan Eren^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.10, pp. 3085-3107, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.069506 - 29 October 2025

Abstract The FAR1-related sequence (FAR1) gene family consists of transcription factors that originated from transposases and is crucial for light signaling and stress adaptation in plants. Despite the recognized importance of FAR1 genes in model organisms, their genomic architecture, structural variability, and expression patterns in Phaseolus vulgaris have yet to be investigated. This study offers the inaugural comprehensive genome-wide identification and characterization of the FAR1 gene family in P. vulgaris. A total of 27 PvulFAR1 genes were identified, and their chromosomal distribution, gene structures, conserved domains, and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed systematically. The promoter regions of these genes were discovered… More >

Rodrigo Rafael da Silva^1,*, Gabriela Carvalho Maia de Queiroz¹, Amanda Cibele da Paz Sousa¹, Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto¹, Francisco Hélio Alves de Andrade ², Francimar Maik da Silva Morais¹, Rita Magally Oliveira da Silva Marcelino¹, Fagner Nogueira Ferreira¹, Alex Alvares da Silva³, Maria Isabela Batista Clemente¹, Baltazar Cirino Junior¹, Wedson Aleff Oliveira da Silva¹, Mateus de Freitas Almeida dos Santos¹, José Francismar de Medeiros^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2797-2814, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.068089 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Due to its tolerance to water deficit and salinity, sorghum is considered a suitable crop for cultivation in regions affected by these stress conditions, enabling the efficient use of limited water resources. This study evaluated the resilience of the sweet sorghum cultivar BRS 506 under water deficit and salinity stress, focusing on water relations and yield performance in semiarid conditions. A randomized complete block design was employed in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with four replicates. Treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation water salinity (1.50, 3.75, and 6.00 dS m⁻¹) and three irrigation levels… More >

Malini Ray¹, Sanchari Burman², Shweta Meshram^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2285-2312, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067814 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Plants are under constant exposure to varied biotic and abiotic stresses, which significantly affect their growth, productivity, and survival. Biotic stress, caused by pathogens, and abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metals, activate overlapping yet distinct immune pathways. These are comprised of morphological barriers, hormonal signaling, and the induction of stress-responsive genes through complex pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, and secondary metabolites. Abiotic stress triggers organelle-mediated retrograde signaling from organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria, which causes unfolded protein responses and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Simultaneously, biotic stress activates… More > Graphic Abstract

Imene Tatar Caliskan^1,2, George Dzorgbenya Ametefe³, Aziz Caliskan⁴, Su-Ee Lau^1,5, Yvonne Jing Mei Liew⁶, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram⁵, Boon Chin Tan^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2229-2254, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067225 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factors (TFs) are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plant growth, development, secondary metabolism, and stress adaptation. Recent studies have highlighted their crucial role in coordinating growth–defense trade-offs through transcriptional regulation of key biosynthetic and stress-response genes. Despite extensive functional characterization in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, systematically evaluating the broader functional landscape of MYB TFs across diverse species and contexts remains necessary. This systematic review integrates results from 24 peer-reviewed studies sourced from Scopus and Web of Science, focusing on the functional diversity of MYB TFs, particularly in relation… More >

Oumaima Benaissa^1,2,3, Mohammed Taoussi^1,4, Ikram Legrifi^1,2, Zineb Belabess³, Abderrahim Lazraq², Rachid Lahlali^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.5, pp. 1453-1495, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064598 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors, necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability. This comprehensive review delves into the evolving landscape of employing microbial consortia as a dynamic tool for the integrated management of biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato plants. The microbial consortium, comprising an intricate network of bacteria, fungi, and other beneficial microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in promoting plant health and bolstering defense mechanisms. Against biotic stressors, the consortium exhibits multifaceted actions, including the suppression of pathogenic organisms through antagonistic interactions and… More >

Meryam Manzoor¹, Konstantin Korolev², Maryam³, Riaz Ahmad^4,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.5, pp. 1401-1418, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063930 - 29 May 2025

Abstract The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions. It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources. The adverse effects of abiotic stresses are increasing due to fluctuations in climate change. Several abiotic stresses (salinity, drought, water logging, minerals deficiency, temperature extremities and heavy metals) are reducing the overall productivity of crops. Therefore, the application of different management approaches, i.e., phytohormones, nanoparticles, organic amendments, microbes and molecular aspects are effective for the mitigation of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.… More >

Saif Ullah^1,2, Izhar Ali^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.4, pp. 1029-1045, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064608 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Nitrogen (N) assimilation is crucial for the growth and development of C₃ plants, as it converts inorganic N into organic forms, important for protein synthesis, nucleic acids and other vital biomolecules. However, abiotic stressors such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures and others significantly impact N uptake and utilization, thereby hindering plant growth and development. Recent advances in molecular biology have illuminated the complex networks that govern N assimilation under these stressful conditions, emphasizing the role of transcription factors, regulatory genes, and stress-responsive pathways. This review provides an integrated perspective on the latest research in nitrogen metabolism… More >