Maksim Iavich¹, Nursulu Kapalova², Kunbolat Algazy^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.085904 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Lattice-based post-quantum cryptographic standards such as Module-Lattice Key Encapsulation Mechanism (ML-KEM) and Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (ML-DSA) have demonstrated documented susceptibility to power-based side-channel attacks even when protected by higher-order arithmetic masking. Concurrently, hash-based and Verkle-tree digital signature schemes lack a systematic analysis of their physical-layer attack surface. This paper closes both gaps by introducing a Verkle-tree digital signature scheme incorporating multiple complementary countermeasures: (i) arithmetic masking of lattice-based Short Integer Solution (SIS) vector commitments, (ii) a counter-mode deterministic random bit generator (CTR_DRBG) seeded by a hardware quantum random number generator (QRNG), and (iii) an… More >

Bareera Anam, Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Nadeem Ali, Byung-Seo Kim^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.084949 - 13 August 2026

Abstract The rapid evolution of communication networks, driven by the expansion of heterogeneous environments such as 6G, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge computing, has exposed a critical research gap in the lack of unified frameworks that jointly address intelligent network control and quantum-resilient security. Existing networking protocols were originally designed under static configurations and classical security assumptions, making them increasingly inadequate for dynamic, large-scale, and intelligent infrastructures exposed to quantum-enabled threats. At the same time, the emergence of Quantum Computing (QC) introduces severe security risks, as widely used cryptographic mechanisms supporting protocols such as Transport… More >

Jian Zhang¹, Seong-Min Cho², Seung-Hyun Seo^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.084319 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Classical digital signature schemes such as RSA and ECDSA are threatened by the development of quantum computers, prompting the need for post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Among the various PQC candidates, multivariate quadratic (MQ) signature schemes have attracted significant attention due to their small signature size and efficient signing and verification. Evaluating these schemes is challenging because compactness, computational efficiency, and effective security are objectives that often conflict with one another and cannot usually be optimized simultaneously. In this work, we adapt a systematic multi-objective evaluation framework to MQ-based signature schemes in the NIST additional digital signature… More >

Li-Woei Chen¹, Kun-Lin Tsai^2,*, Fang-Yie Leu³, Chao-Tung Yang^3,4,5, Wei-Zong Liang²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.148, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.083880 - 27 July 2026

Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm networks are increasingly deployed in surveillance, disaster response, and intelligent transportation systems, where secure and efficient communication is critical under resource-constrained environments. However, conventional public-key-based security mechanisms introduce excessive computational overhead, while standalone intrusion detection systems are insufficient to defend against dynamic and multi-vector attacks in swarm networks. To address these challenges, in this paper, a lightweight time-indexed secure communication framework with intrusion detection modeling (TSCID) is proposed for resource-constrained UAV swarm networks. The proposed TSCID integrates a time-indexed session key derivation mechanism with lightweight authenticated encryption to ensure confidentiality,… More >

Kazutaka Toda¹, Yuntao Wang^1,*, Hyungrok Jo², Yang Li¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.148, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.083407 - 27 July 2026

Abstract The rapid evolution of quantum computing poses a fundamental challenge to classical public-key cryptosystems, accelerating the adoption of lattice-based post-quantum cryptography in large-scale digital infrastructures, including Future Mobile Internet Technologies (FMIT) and their convergence applications (FMIT-CA). As lattice-based cryptography is expected to play an important role in such environments, accurate hardness estimation and parameter assessment of underlying lattice problems have become increasingly important. Since the security of these cryptographic schemes is closely related to the computational hardness of the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP), improving practical SVP-solving techniques contributes indirectly to the security evaluation of such… More >

Xiaobing Liang¹, Yu Qin¹, Shengdong Pan², Liang Tan^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.082928 - 23 July 2026

Abstract The standardization of the Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism (ML-KEM, FIPS 203) creates urgent demand for efficient post-quantum cryptography on resource-constrained devices. In such deployments, twiddle-factor management in the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) induces a practical trade-off: full tables reduce latency but consume read-only memory (ROM), while on-the-fly generation reduces ROM but increases arithmetic cost. This paper makes two contributions. First, we present a constant-time half-table strategy (Shalf) with branchless reconstruction logic and a formal indexing rule consistent with implementation. Second, we develop a Memory-Arithmetic Trade-off (MAT) model that unifies ROM, random-access memory (RAM), latency, energy, and More >

Atef Ibrahim^1,*, Fayez Gebali²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.081651 - 23 July 2026

Abstract The ongoing expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) fundamentally alters industrial and economic paradigms by integrating intelligent nodes throughout operational frameworks. Nonetheless, vulnerabilities surrounding system integrity and data confidentiality present major bottlenecks to widespread adoption, a dilemma severely intensified by impending quantum computing capabilities. Defending these networks demands the integration of post-quantum cryptographic primitives; yet, the severe hardware constraints characterizing peripheral IoT components complicate practical deployment. Quantum-resistant lattice cryptography offers a highly promising pathway to overcome these limitations, largely because the foundational security and throughput of these protocols hinge on polynomial multiplication performance. Consequently,… More >

Rayan Alenzi, Rayan Aldoghan^*, M. M. Hafizur Rahman

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.8, pp. 373-396, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2026.083953 - 01 July 2026

Abstract The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices across smart homes, healthcare facilities, industrial networks, and smart cities has raised critical security concerns, particularly regarding device authentication. IoT devices are typically characterized by limited computational resources, constrained memory, and restricted energy budgets, which renders the deployment of traditional cryptographic protocols infeasible; consequently, lightweight authentication schemes are required. Although numerous lightweight authentication protocols have been proposed, a systematic risk evaluation of such protocols against established threat modeling frameworks remains largely absent from the existing literature. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) based on… More >

Chao Zhang¹, Weidong Zhong¹, Xu An Wang¹, Weiwei Jiang^2,*, Ziteng Wang², Miao Tian¹, Jianhong Ling¹, Hangjiang Du¹, Yunhui Duan¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.081399 - 15 June 2026

Abstract The integrity risks posed by data outsourcing in cloud storage have driven the development of remote data integrity auditing (RDIA) technologies. However, traditional schemes rely on trusted third-party auditors (TPAs), leading to potential collusion and single-point failure vulnerabilities. The integration of blockchain alleviates these issues through decentralization and transparency, yet existing blockchain-based certificateless auditing schemes still suffer from security flaws in the tag generation phase. Addressing the tag forgery vulnerability in Miao et al.’s scheme, which stems from the absence of random parameters in the hash function input, this paper proposes a lightweight enhancement mechanism: More >

Walaa Alayed¹, Asad Ur Rehman², M.Awais Ehsan³, Waqar Ul Hassan⁴, Ahmed Zeeshan^5,6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078078 - 08 May 2026

Abstract The rapid growth in the field of data and cloud computing has made it essential to ensure information security. Encryption consists of multiple layers, among which a critical component is the Substitution box (S-box). The S-box provides nonlinearity and confusion between the original and cipher forms, and its performance directly determines the security of the cipher against cryptanalysis. Chaotic systems have been widely used for image encryption, however, they suffer from well known limitations such as deterministic periodicity and reduced unpredictability in finite field digital environments. To address these issues, we propose a new S-box… More >