Theint Theint Maw, Shuai Zhou^*, Tek Tjing Lie

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.081744 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The rapid deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs), including photovoltaic (PV) generation, wind turbines (WT), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and electric vehicles (EVs), is transforming modern distribution networks by introducing bidirectional power flows, voltage variations, and increased operational complexity, thereby require enhanced system resilience. This paper presents a systematic review of multi-objective optimization approaches for interconnected multi-microgrid (MMG) systems with explicit consideration of resilience, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A structured literature search and screening process was conducted across major databases, including IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from 2015 to 2026. The More >

Yujie Shi, Guoxing Wu^*, Qingwei Wang, Xieli Fu, Wenfeng Yang

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.074213 - 06 August 2026

Abstract This study proposes an optimized ensemble learning framework for energy-efficiency assessment in low-voltage distribution networks by integrating multiple data sources. The framework integrates heterogeneous data from smart meters, SCADA systems, meteorological stations, and network topology databases, employing advanced feature engineering to extract 89 essential predictors from 147 initial features. Three gradient boosting algorithms—Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM—are combined through an elastic net stacking strategy with Bayesian hyperparameter optimization. The stacking ensemble achieved superior performance with an MAE of 118.4 kWh, an RMSE of 164.2 kWh, an MAPE of 3.98%, and an R² of 0.952, representing 16.8%… More >

Kewen Li, Xiaoyong Yu, Shifeng Ou^*, Jueming Pan

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073825 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (e.g., wind and solar power) into distribution grids and the development of new, source–grid–load–storage coordinated power systems have led to a substantial expansion in the volume of situational awareness data in the distribution networks. Moreover, the transmission of low-voltage distribution measurement data via a power line carrier (PLC) is often susceptible to packet loss and, consequently, data gaps. To address these issues, this paper proposes a data completion method using a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) integrated with a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN). This approach leverages the… More >

Alireza Norouzpour Shahrbejari¹, Nafiseh Pishbin², Mohammad Reza Maghami^3,*, Mazlan Mohamed^4,*, Mohammad Golmohammad¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.148, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.083763 - 27 July 2026

Abstract This study presents a weighted-sum multi-criteria optimization framework using PSO for the optimal siting, sizing, and scenario-based operation of energy storage systems (ESSs) in renewable-integrated distribution networks. The proposed model concurrently addresses technical, economic, and reliability objectives—minimizing active power losses (PL), voltage deviation (VD), expected energy not supplied (EENS), and short-circuit level (SCL), while maximizing voltage sensitivity index (VSI) and power-loss sensitivity factor (PLSF). A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with weighted-sum scalarization is employed to solve this complex, nonlinear optimization problem and effectively balance the conflicting operational goals. The framework is validated using IEEE… More >

Yueyang Ji¹, Yaohui Peng¹, Haoran Ji^1,*, Xinran Na¹, Yuxuan Chen¹, Wei Li², Shengbin Chen²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.074599 - 12 July 2026

Abstract With the increasing penetration of distributed generations and continuous growth of loads, traditional rural distribution networks face severe challenges in both hosting capacity and reliability. Addressing these issues requires planning approaches that strike a balance between economic efficiency in infrastructure development and resilience in operation. Considering the dynamic growth of distributed generations and rural loads over the planning horizon, this paper presents a multi-stage expansion planning approach that coordinates flexible interconnection devices (FIDs) with substation and line construction to improve both economic performance and system reliability. The proposed method account for the time-varying growth of… More >

Chenying Yi¹, Yangjun Zhou^1,2, Wei Zhang¹, Like Gao¹, Hongwen Wu³, Yuanchao Zhou^4,*, Ke Zhou¹, Weixiang Huang¹, Juntao Pan⁵, Shan Li¹, Bin Feng⁵

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073805 - 12 July 2026

Abstract Ensuring reliability in distribution networks is essential under increasing operational and economic constraints. Traditional planning models rely on power flow calculations, leading to high computational costs and poor scalability. This study proposes a quantitative decomposition framework that establishes a direct linkage among reliability improvement measures, reliability parameters, and reliability indices, enabling fast and analytical reliability evaluation without power flow analysis. A bi-objective optimization model is developed to minimize both reliability indices (SAIDI) and investment costs, solved using Pareto-based multi-objective PSO combined with the TOPSIS method. Case studies on a 519-node distribution network demonstrate that the More >

Xiaotong Li^1,2, Mingquan Qiu², Wenjun Zhang², Pengfei Li², Chong Liu², Chong Yang², Han Xiao², Feng Hu², Binghui Liu^1,*, He Wang¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.071598 - 12 July 2026

Abstract To address the operational uncertainties and power quality challenges brought by high-penetration distributed energy integration into distribution networks, this paper proposes a precision renovation optimization method for active distribution networks (ADNs) that considers probabilistic power flow. First, based on probabilistic power flow analysis, a comprehensive power quality evaluation index system is constructed to accurately quantify the impact of uncertainties caused by photovoltaic fluctuations on distribution network power quality under high-penetration distributed photovoltaic (PV) scenarios. On this basis, a precision renovation optimization model is established with the goals of minimizing renovation cost, maximizing renewable energy hosting… More >

Ruosong Hou^1,2,*, Jiakun An¹, Zihao Zhao¹, Wei Guo¹, Hua Shao²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069068 - 12 July 2026

Abstract This article evaluates the connectivity with energy sharing in low-voltage distribution areas. Indicators like wind-solar complementing effectiveness, source-load energy sharing possibility, or transformer capacity interconnection measurements are part of the assessment index framework for interconnection capacity that is established after an analysis of the features of linked scenarios. Radial and inflexible, conventional distribution systems can’t handle bidirectional power flow, fluctuating demand, or grid disruptions. Using real-world examples, we can see that the suggested strategy improves power supply efficiency across zones and increases the usage of distributed energy resources, proving the method’s validity. With the help… More >

Guanghua He¹, Jinlong Qi^1,*, Yao Feng¹, Jiayi Han¹, Heng Chen², Baoming Huang³, Jiangtao Li³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.076354 - 27 May 2026

Abstract The identification of the traveling wave head is an important factor affecting the accuracy of fault traveling wave positioning. In practice, in addition to the attenuation of traveling wave amplitude and rising speed caused by distribution line factors, various traveling wave sensors can also cause transmission distortion of high-frequency traveling wave signals, which in turn affects the calibration of traveling wave arrival time and the accuracy of fault distance measurement. The inversion technology of sensor transmission characteristics using analytical methods has limited ability to reflect factors such as stray capacitance and sensor differences. In comparison,… More >

Yangjun Zhou¹, Chenying Yi¹, Wei Zhang¹, Juntao Pan^2,*, Ke Zhou¹, Weixiang Huang¹, Like Gao¹, Shan Li¹, Yuanchao Zhou³, Ling Li², Liwen Qin¹, Hongwen Wu⁴, Lijuan Yan²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073787 - 27 May 2026

Abstract The increasing integration of distributed generation (DG) and energy storage systems (ESS) has significantly enhanced the flexibility and efficiency of distribution networks. However, the growing frequency of extreme weather events has exposed the vulnerability of distribution lines, posing serious challenges to the reliability and resilience of such systems. Existing DG and ESS planning models often neglect this vulnerability dimension, leading to suboptimal siting decisions and reduced system robustness. To address this issue, this paper proposes a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework that coordinates the allocation of DG and ESS and explicitly incorporates line vulnerability under extreme… More >