Ali S. Alghamdi^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.079763 - 27 April 2026

Abstract The integration of wind-based DG introduces significant variability and uncertainty into the operation of distribution networks, which complicates the planning and decision-making process. This paper presents a dual-objective stochastic optimization framework for the optimal allocation of wind DG, considering dynamic network reconfiguration across multiple loading conditions. Probabilistic modeling of wind speed is integrated using the Weibull distribution and the associated wind power uncertainty is discretized through a scenario-based point estimation method. Variability in load is accounted for by considering multiple loading levels, and the integrated uncertainty space is constructed as the Cartesian product of wind… More >

Yechun Xin¹, Xinxin Cheng¹, Yanxu Wang^1,*, Weiru Wang¹, Jiexiang Han², Zhen Niu³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.079043 - 27 April 2026

Abstract Addressing voltage violations and renewable energy absorption bottlenecks arising from high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) integration, this paper proposes a hierarchical optimisation architecture for a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) based on microgrid-distribution network coordination to enhance collaborative regulation of energy storage across multiple microgrids. The methodology comprises a PV hosting capacity assessment model and an HESS operation model that accounts for power supply reliability, forming a two-layer planning framework that integrates distributed decision-making with centralized coordination. At the microgrid level, HESS capacity is determined to minimise the local comprehensive cost, while the allocation ratio between lithium-based More >

Fukang Zhang, Yang Wang^*, Runtian Tang, Zhixin Yun

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.077390 - 27 April 2026

Abstract The large-scale integration of electric vehicle (EV) and exchange stations (EC) into distribution networks introduces strong spatiotemporal load fluctuations and charging capacity constraints, leading to frequent voltage violations and reduced control flexibility. Traditional centralized control approaches face critical limitations, including high communication latency and computational complexity. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Hybrid Intelligence (HI)-driven framework for distribution networks, which explicitly considers EV/EC charging power limits, cluster-level resource balance, and voltage security constraints. By incorporating spatiotemporal characteristics with intelligent optimization techniques, a Variant Monte Carlo Sampling (VMCS) algorithm is developed to generate the… More >

Qianfeng Wu¹, Dabo Xie¹, Wenhua Ni², Junjie Zhou¹, Xuantong Lu¹, Chengying Ma¹, Rongqiang Li^2,*, Yang Li^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.073197 - 27 April 2026

Abstract With the deepening of the power system reform, an increasing number of microgrids are being integrated into the distribution network. In traditional centralized optimization algorithms, the optimal power flow model of the distribution network and the optimal scheduling model of microgrid clusters are directly coupled and solved simultaneously. This process involves extensive information exchange between the upper distribution network system and the lower microgrid clusters, which not only increases the communication burden but also prolongs computation time and raises computational complexity. Moreover, it requires excessive information sharing, making it difficult to achieve limited information exchange… More >

Shu Zhou, Wenfeng Yang, Guoxing Wu^*, Xinming Jiang, Qingmiao Guo

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072997 - 27 April 2026

Abstract The integration of high-penetration distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems in low-voltage (LV) distribution networks introduces significant challenges, including voltage violations, power quality degradation, and coordination difficulties among multiple distributed energy resources. Grid-forming converters with droop control offer autonomous voltage and frequency regulation capabilities, yet conventional fixed-parameter droop strategies perform poorly in resistance-dominant LV networks under variable PV generation conditions. This paper proposes an adaptive droop control method that dynamically adjusts control parameters to address these challenges. The proposed strategy incorporates three key innovations: (1) power-flow-aware adaptive voltage droop coefficients specifically designed for resistance-dominant networks, (2) a… More >

Wenfei Yi¹, Mingzhong Zheng¹, Jiayi Wang², Hao Yang^2,*, Zhenglong Sun²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072770 - 27 March 2026

Abstract With the growing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and smart interconnected devices, conventional distribution networks have turned to active distribution networks (ADNs) with complex system model and power flow dynamics. The rapid fluctuation of RES power may easily result in frequent voltage violation issues. Taking the flexible RES reactive power as control variables, this paper proposes a two-layer control scheme with Koopman wide neural network (WNN) based model predictive control (MPC) method for optimal voltage regulation and network loss reduction. Based on Koopman operator theory, a data-driven WNN method is presented to fit a… More >

Fengchao Chen^*, Aoqi Mei, Zheng Liu, Ruhao Wu, Qiwei Li

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.072188 - 27 March 2026

Abstract With the high proportion of new energy access, the traditional fault self-healing mechanism of the distribution network is challenged. Aiming at the demand for fast recovery of new distribution network faults, this paper proposes a fault self-healing cooperative strategy for the new energy distribution network based on an improved ant colony-genetic hybrid algorithm. Firstly, the graph theory adjacency matrix is used to characterize the topology of the distribution network, and the dynamic positioning of new energy nodes is realized. Secondly, based on the output model and load characteristic model of wind, photovoltaic, and energy storage,… More >

Yutao Xu¹, Zukui Tan¹, Xiaofeng Gu¹, Zhuang Wu², Jikai Li^2,*, Qihui Feng¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071243 - 27 March 2026

Abstract Flexibly interconnected distribution networks (FIDN) offer improved operational efficiency and operational control flexibility of power distribution systems through DC interconnection links, and have gradually become the main form of distribution networks. Aiming at the impact of constant power loads and converter transmission power variations in FIDN system stability, this paper presents an impedance reshaping based stability analysis and stabilization control to enhance the stability of the interconnected system and improve the system’s dynamic load response capability. Firstly, a small-single based equivalent impedance model of FIDN system, which consists flexibly interconnected equipment, energy storage, PV units,… More >

Song Zhang, Yang Yu^*, Shuguang Li, Xue Li

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.072333 - 27 February 2026

Abstract Thermal storage electric heating (TSEH), as a prevalent variable load resource, offers significant potential for enhancing system flexibility when aggregated into a cluster. To address the uncertainties of renewable energy and load forecasting in active distribution networks (ADN), this paper proposes a multi-timescale coordinated optimal dispatch strategy that incorporates TSEH clusters. It utilizes the thermal storage characteristics and short-term regulation capabilities of TSEH, along with the rapid and gradual response characteristics of resources in active distribution grids, to develop a coordinated optimization dispatch mechanism for day-ahead, intraday, and real-time stages. It provides a coordinated optimized… More > Graphic Abstract

Xuming Hu¹, Nan Hu¹, Na Li¹, Xinsong Zhang², Xiaocen Xue², Xiuyong Yu^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.071728 - 27 February 2026

Abstract The dense integration of residential distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems into three-phase, four-wire low-voltage (LV) distribution networks results in reverse power flow and three-phase imbalance, leading to voltage violations that hinder the growth of rural distributed PV systems. Traditional voltage droop-based control methods regulate PV power output solely based on local voltage measurements at the point of PV connection. Due to a lack of global coordination and optimization, their efficiency is often subpar. This paper presents a centralized coordinated active/reactive power control strategy for PV inverters in rural LV distribution feeders with high PV penetration. The… More >