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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Activation Pattern of Nuclear Factor-kB in Skin after Mechanical Stretch – a Multiscale Modeling Approach

    V.B.Shim 1, K. Mithraratne 1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.98, No.3, pp. 279-294, 2014, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2014.098.279

    Abstract The activation of NF-kB is an important precursor in developing melanoma. However the role of mechanical stimulation in the NF-kB activation has not been studied. We used a multiscale computational modeling approach to investigate the role of mechanical stimulation and the skin tissue internal structures in the activation of NF-kB. Our model is made up of three levels – 1) the macro level where a FE model of the Zygomaticus major muscle was developed; 2) the meso level where a micro FE model of the skin block using a sample from human cadaver was developed;… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Modeling Cell Spreading and Alignment on Micro-Wavy Surfaces

    E. P. Yalcintas1, J. Hu1, Y. Liu1,2, A. Voloshin1,2,3

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.98, No.2, pp. 151-180, 2014, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2014.098.151

    Abstract Mechanical behavior of cells plays a crucial role in response to external stimuli and environment. It is very important to elucidate the mechanisms of cellular activities like spreading and alignment as it would shed light on further biological concepts. In this study, a multi-scale computational approach is adopted by modeling the cytoskeleton of cell as a tensegrity structure. The model is based on the complementary force balance between the tension and compression elements, resembling the internal structure of cell cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and actin filaments. The effect of surface topology on strain energy of… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Finite Element Modeling of Compressive Deformation of Super-long Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

    J. Joseph1, Y. C. Lu 1,

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.42, No.1, pp. 63-74, 2014, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2014.042.063

    Abstract The super-long, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (SL-VACNTs) are novel carbon nanomaterial produced from template-free synthesis. The mechanical responses of such material have been investigated by continuum finite element modeling and compared with experimental observations. The crushable foam model has been adequate in modeling the stress-strain curve and deformation of the SL-VACNTs under compression. SL-VACNTs are seen to exhibit transient elastic deformation at small displacement and then plastic deformation at large displacement. The deformation mostly occur at the position immediately beneath the compression platen (indenter face) due to the high stress/strain concentrations. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Study of Biomechanical Response of Human Hand-Arm to Random Vibrations of Steering Wheel of Tractor

    G. Geethanjali, C. Sujatha

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 303-317, 2013, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2013.010.303

    Abstract This paper reports a study on the biomechanical response of a human hand-arm model to random vibrations of the steering wheel of a tractor. An anatomically accurate bone-only hand-arm model from TurboSquidTM was used to obtain a finite element (FE) model to understand the Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), which is a neurological and vascular disorder caused by exposure of the human hand-arm to prolonged vibrations. Modal analysis has been done to find out the first few natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system. Coupling of degrees of freedom (DOF) had to be done in… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Thermal Expansion Behavior of Single Helical Clearance Structure

    Cao Guohua1, Zhu Zhencai1, Peng Weihong2, Wang Jinjie1, Liu Zhi1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 119-138, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2013.094.119

    Abstract The single helical structure is twisted by surrounding helical units with clearance or not between two layers. In order to master the thermal expansion behavior, the theory has been developed for the analysis of these helical structures. The previously deduced linear expressions of thermal expansion coefficients for the gapless structure model (GM) is used and the analytical method is applied to the clearance structure model (CM) and clearance-gapless structure model(CGM) under two boundary conditions. For further evaluating the analytical expressions of two models, the finite element models of the single helical structure surrounding by helical… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Process-dependent Thermal-Mechanical Behaviors of an Advanced Thin-Flip-Chip-on-Flex Interconnect Technology with Anisotropic Conductive Film Joints

    Hsien-Chie Cheng1,2, Chien-Hao Ma1, Ching-Feng Yu3, Su-Tsai Lu4, Wen-Hwa Chen2,3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.38, No.3, pp. 129-154, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2013.038.129

    Abstract User experiences for electronic devices with high portability and flexibility, good intuitive human interfaces and low cost have driven the development of semiconductor technology toward flexible electronics and display. In this study proposes, an advanced flexible interconnect technology is proposed for flexible electronics, in which an ultra-thin IC chip having a great number of micro-bumps is bonded onto a very thin flex substrate using an epoxy-based anisotropic conductive film (ACF) to form fine-pitch and reliable interconnects or joints (herein termed ACF-typed thin-flip-chip-on-flex (TFCOF) technology). The electrical and thermal -mechanical performances of the micro-joints are the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Generic Linking of Finite Element Models for Non-Linear Static and Global Dynamic Analyses of Aircraft Structures

    A.J. de Wit1, D. Akçay Perdahcıoğlu2, T. Ludwig3, W.M. van den Brink1, A. de Boer2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.32, No.3, pp. 201-218, 2012, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2012.032.201

    Abstract Depending on the type of analysis, Finite Element (FE) models of different fidelity are necessary. Creating these models manually is a labor intensive task. This paper discusses two approaches for generating FE models of different fidelity from a single reference FE model. The models are created with a single modelling and meshing toolkit. These different fidelity models are created for use with global-local non-linear static analysis and for use with dynamic linear sub-structuring reduction method. Efficiency of the developed approaches is demonstrated via non-linear static and modal analysis of a carbon-fiber stiffened panel. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    MicroCT/Micromechanics-Based Finite Element Models and Quasi-Static Unloading Tests Deliver Consistent Values for Young's Modulus of Rapid-Prototyped Polymer-Ceramic Tissue Engineering Scaffold

    K.W. Luczynski1, A. Dejaco1, O. Lahayne1, J. Jaroszewicz2, W.Swieszkowski2, C. Hellmich1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.87, No.6, pp. 505-529, 2012, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2012.087.505

    Abstract A 71 volume-% macroporous tissue engineering scaffold made of poly-l-lactide (PLLA) with 10 mass-% of pseudo-spherical tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) inclusions (exhibiting diameters in the range of several nanometers) was microCT-scanned. The corresponding stack of images was converted into regular Finite Element (FE) models consisting of around 100,000 to 1,000,000 finite elements. Therefore, the attenuation-related, voxel-specific grey values were converted into TCP-contents, and the latter, together with nanoindentation tests,entered a homogenization scheme of the Mori-Tanaka type, as to deliver voxel-specific (and hence, finite element-specific) elastic properties. These FE models were uniaxially loaded, giving access to the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Rigorous Joining of Asymptotic Beam Models to Three-Dimensional Finite Element Models

    Huimin Song1, Dewey H. Hodges1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.85, No.3, pp. 239-278, 2012, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2012.085.239

    Abstract The present paper presents a rigorous approach that can accurately and efficiently capture the linear, static and free-vibration behaviors of a beam-like structure by the rigorous combination of a one-dimensional beam model with a three-dimensional continuum model. This study focuses on coupling these disparate finite element types, putting them both into a single finite element model while making use of the asymptotically exact information available as part of the beam model, which itself is obtained by asymptotic dimensional reduction. The coupling is undertaken by use of appropriate transformation matrices at the interface together with stress More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Thermal Expansion Characteristic of Prestressed Single Helical Structure

    Cao Guohua, Li Kai, Zhu Zhencai, Peng Weihong, Mao Xianbiao

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.83, No.4, pp. 403-424, 2012, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2012.083.403

    Abstract In order to master the geometric and mechanical behavior of helical structure under complicated condition such as the hoisting rope in mine shaft and the transmitting cable in electric power, the thermal expansion characteristic of single helical structure is systematically investigated under temperature effect in different layer. Linearly explicit expressions of axial strain and increment of helical angle for the helical unit of the ith layer are developed. Based on theory of curve by Love and theory of wire rope by Costello, the linearly explicit expressions of tension, torsion and bending moment of the helical… More >

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