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  • Open Access

    Analysis of Subcellular Localization and Pathogenicity of Plum Bark Necrosis Stem-Pitting Associated Virus Protein P6

    Yuanyuan Li1,#, Jinze Mu2,#, Qingliang Li1, Huabing Liu3, Xuefeng Yuan2,*, Deya Wang1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.7, pp. 2079-2085, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.028237

    Abstract Infection of plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV) has been reported in many Prunus species in several countries, causing significant economic losses. The very small proteins encoded by plant viruses are often overlooked due to their short sequences and uncertain significance. However, numerous studies have indicated that they might play important roles in the pathogenesis of virus infection. The role of small hydrophobic protein P6, encoded by the open reading frame 2 of PBNSPaV, has not been well explored. In this study, we amplified the P6 fragment from a PBNSPaV isolate by RT-PCR using specific primers and found… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Outage Behaviors of Active Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enabled NOMA Communications

    Zhiping Lu1, Xinwei Yue2,*, Shuo Chen2, Weiguo Ma1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.1, pp. 789-812, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.027663

    Abstract Active intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a novel and promising technology that is able to overcome the multiplicative fading introduced by passive IRS. In this paper, we consider the application of active IRS to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks, where the incident signals are amplified actively through integrating amplifier to reflecting elements. More specifically, the performance of active/passive IRS-NOMA networks is investigated over large and small-scale fading channels. Aiming to characterize the performance of active IRS-NOMA networks, the exact and asymptotic expressions of outage probability for a couple of users, i.e., near-end user and far-end user are derived by exploiting… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Identification of Resistance to Pathogenesis Related Protein GmPR1L in Tobacco Botrytis cinerea Infection

    Yeyao Du1,#, Ye Zhang2,#, Yang Song1, Zhuo Zhang1, Sujie Fan1, Hanzhu Zhang1, Piwu Wang1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.6, pp. 1907-1920, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.027607

    Abstract Soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.) annual leguminous crop is cultivated all over the world. The occurrence of diseases has a great impact on the yield and quality of soybean. In this study, based on the RNA-seq of soybean variety M18, a complete CDS (Coding sequence) GmPR1L of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 family was obtained, which has the ability to resist fungal diseases. The overexpression vector and interference expression vector were transferred into tobacco NC89, and the resistance of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to Botrytis cinerea infection was identified. The results show that: Compared with the control, the activities of… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    DNA methylation as a mediator of epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis and precision medicine of osteoarthritis: An updated review

    QIAO ZHOU1,2,3, JIAN LIU2,4, LING XIN4, YANYAN FANG2,4, LEI WAN2,4, DAN HUANG2,4, JINCHEN GUO1, JIANTING WEN2,4

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.4, pp. 761-772, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.026698

    Abstract The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) is multifactorial, with the primary risk factors being obesity, age, environmental variables, and genetic predisposition. The available evidence suggests that genetic diversity does not adequately account for all clinical characteristics and heterogeneity of OA. Genetics has emerged as a nascent and crucial area of research in OA. The epigenetic module presents a potential link between genetic and environmental risk factors and the susceptibility and pathogenesis of OA. As a critical epigenetic alteration, DNA methylation has been shown to have an important role in the etiology of OA and is a viable biomarker for predicting disease… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Selecting the Technology of Sodium Silicate Modified Poplar with the Highest Performance by Fuzzy Orthogonal Method

    Xiaoqian Bi1, Pengfei Guan1, Ping Li2,*, Yuan Zhang1, Xingong Li1, Yingfeng Zuo1,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2399-2415, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026656

    Abstract Sodium silicate modification can improve the overall performance of wood. The modification process has a great influence on the properties of modified wood. In this study, a new method was introduced to analyze the wood modification process, and the properties of modified wood were studied. Poplar wood was modified with sodium silicate by vacuum-pressure impregnation. After screening using single-factor experiments, an orthogonal experiment was carried out with solution concentration, impregnation time, impregnation pressure, and the cycle times as experimental factors. The modified poplar with the best properties was selected by fuzzy mathematics and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD and TG.… More > Graphic Abstract

    Selecting the Technology of Sodium Silicate Modified Poplar with the Highest Performance by Fuzzy Orthogonal Method

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Classification of Multi-view Digital Mammogram Images Using SMO-WkNN

    P. Malathi1,*, G. Charlyn Pushpa Latha2

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.2, pp. 1741-1758, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.035185

    Abstract Breast cancer (BCa) is a leading cause of death in the female population across the globe. Approximately 2.3 million new BCa cases are recorded globally in females, overtaking lung cancer as the most prevalent form of cancer to be diagnosed. However, the mortality rates for cervical and BCa are significantly higher in developing nations than in developed countries. Early diagnosis is the only option to minimize the risks of BCa. Deep learning (DL)-based models have performed well in image processing in recent years, particularly convolutional neural network (CNN). Hence, this research proposes a DL-based CNN model to diagnose BCa from… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Exploiting the Direct Link in IRS Assisted NOMA Networks with Hardware Impairments

    Ziwei Liu1, Xinwei Yue1,*, Shuo Chen1, Xuliang Liu2, Yafei Wang1, Wanwei Tang3

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.136, No.1, pp. 767-785, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.025300

    Abstract Hardware impairments (HI) are always present in low-cost wireless devices. This paper investigates the outage behaviors of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks by taking into account the impact of HI. Specifically, we derive the approximate and asymptotic expressions of the outage probability for the IRS-NOMA-HI networks. Based on the asymptotic results, the diversity orders under perfect self-interference cancellation and imperfect self-interference cancellation scenarios are obtained to evaluate the performance of the considered network. In addition, the system throughput of IRS-NOMA-HI is discussed in delay-limited mode. The obtained results are provided to verify the accuracy of… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Secure Downlink Transmission Strategies against Active Eavesdropping in NOMA Systems: A Zero-Sum Game Approach

    Yanqiu Chen, Xiaopeng Ji*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.136, No.1, pp. 531-553, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.024531

    Abstract Non-orthogonal multiple access technology (NOMA), as a potentially promising technology in the 5G/B5G era, suffers from ubiquitous security threats due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. In this paper, we focus on artificial-signal-assisted and relay-assisted secure downlink transmission schemes against external eavesdropping in the context of physical layer security, respectively. To characterize the non-cooperative confrontation around the secrecy rate between the legitimate communication party and the eavesdropper, their interactions are modeled as a two-person zero-sum game. The existence of the Nash equilibrium of the proposed game models is proved, and the pure strategy Nash equilibrium and mixed-strategy Nash… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Based Waveform for Fifth Generation Communication

    R. Ann Caroline Jenifer*, M. A. Bhagyaveni, V. Saroj Malini, M. Shanmugapriya

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 2165-2176, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.031840

    Abstract Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks must meet the needs of emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), Video on Demand (VoD) services, Device to Device communication (D2D) and many other bandwidth-hungry multimedia applications that connect a huge number of devices. 5G wireless networks demand better bandwidth efficiency, high data rates, low latency, and reduced spectral leakage. To meet these requirements, a suitable 5G waveform must be designed. In this work, a waveform namely Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (SOQPSK-OFDM) is proposed for 5G to provide bandwidth efficiency, reduced spectral leakage, and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Performance Analysis of RIS Assisted NOMA Networks over Rician Fading Channels

    Xianli Gong1, Chongwen Huang2,3,4, Xinwei Yue5, Zhaohui Yang2,4,6, Feng Liu1,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.3, pp. 2531-2555, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.024940

    Abstract In this paper, we consider a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network assisted by two reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) over Rician fading channels, in which each user communicates with the base station by the virtue of a RIS to enhance the reliability of the received signal. To evaluate the system performance of our proposed RIS-NOMA network, we first derive the exact and asymptotic expressions for the outage probability and ergodic rate of two users. Then, we derive the exact and asymptotic upper bound expressions for the ergodic rate of the nearby user. Based on asymptotic analytical results, the diversity orders… More >

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