Jiajun Sun, Shunshun Ji, Chao Zhang^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-23, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068668 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Asparagus stem blight is a devastating crop disease, and the early detection of its pathogenic spores is essential for effective disease control and prevention. However, spore detection is still hindered by complex backgrounds, small target sizes, and high annotation costs, which limit its practical application and widespread adoption. To address these issues, a semi-supervised spore detection framework is proposed for use under complex background conditions. Firstly, a difficulty perception scoring function is designed to quantify the detection difficulty of each image region. For regions with higher difficulty scores, a masking strategy is applied, while the… More >

Di Wu¹, Chunguang Ren¹, Liangliang Li¹, Chongpei Zheng², Wenwen Su^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 4079-4090, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.072856 - 29 December 2025

Abstract To identify the pathogen responsible for fruit rot disease in Rosa roxburghii Tratt. from Guiding County, Guizhou Province, China, diseased fruit samples were collected. The pathogen was isolated, purified, and identified through morphological, molecular, and pathogenic analyses. Subsequently, its biological characteristics were evaluated. Furthermore, to determine the agent with the strongest toxicity against the identified pathogen, the antifungal activity of six chemical and biological agents was evaluated through indoor toxicity assays. Finally, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora was identified as the pathogen responsible for fruit rot disease in R. roxburghii Tratt. The diameter of the pathogen grown under different carbon and… More >

Mustansar Mubeen¹, Yasir Iftikhar^1,*, Ganesan Vadamalai^2,3, Muhammad Aasim⁴, Muhammad Faiq⁵, Uthman Balgith Algopishi⁶, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed^6,7

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3827-3843, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071555 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Citrus viroids are small non-coding RNA pathogens that pose a significant threat to global citrus production by reducing fruit yield, quality, and tree longevity. Several viroids, including Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), and newly identified members such as Citrus Viroid VI (CVd-VI) and Citrus Viroid VII (CVd-VII) have been reported from diverse citrus-growing regions. These pathogens are transmitted mainly through vegetative propagation, contaminated tools, and occasionally via seed or pollen, making their management complex. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biology, structural diversity, transmission, symptomatology, detection,… More >

Qinfu Sun, Junqiang Xing, Wanyu Zhang, Chen Lin^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.11, pp. 3349-3370, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071525 - 01 December 2025

Abstract Extensive transcriptomic reprogramming is triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, with coordinated regulation mediated through multiple transcription factor families, such as WRKY, MYB, NAC, and BBX proteins. Among these, B-box (BBX) proteins represent a distinct class of zinc finger transcription factors characterized by the presence of conserved B-box domains. They serve as central regulators in plant photomorphogenesis and developmental processes. Accumulating genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrates that BBX family members orchestrate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses through multifaceted molecular mechanisms, including the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, enhancement of… More >

Jie Jin¹, Tianci Wang¹, Yaning Wang¹, Jingqi Yao², Jinxiu Song^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.11, pp. 3611-3632, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.070680 - 01 December 2025

Abstract In plant factory with artificial lighting, precise regulation of environmental and nutritional factors is essential to optimize both growth and quality of leafy vegetables. This study systematically evaluated the combined effects of light intensity (150, 200, 250 μmol/(m²·s)) and calcium supply in the nutrient solution (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mmol/L) on lettuce morphology, photosynthesis, quality indices, and tipburn incidence. Elevating light from 150 to 200 μmol/(m²·s) significantly enhanced leaf number, area, photosynthetic rate, biomass, and foliar calcium. These gains plateaued at 250 μmol/(m²·s), where tipburn incidence surged to 76.5%. Photosynthetic pigments progressively rose with light intensity. Calcium supply… More >

Ke Li¹, Bendong Liu¹, Yulong Han², Yafeng Zhang³, Chunqi Yang¹, Dawei Yin², Yazhou Zhang³, Wantao Ding^4,*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.11, pp. 2779-2793, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.072671 - 01 December 2025

Abstract Traditional cement-based slurries are often constrained by excessive cement consumption, prolonged setting times, and limited controllability, which hinder their broader engineering applications. To overcome these challenges, this study focuses on optimizing ordinary cement-based slurry through the incorporation of targeted additives and rational adjustment of mix proportions, with the aim of developing a rapid-setting, early-strength cementitious system. In particular, a series of comparative and orthogonal experiments were conducted to systematically examine the evolution of the slurry’s macroscopic properties. In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) was introduced to reveal the interaction mechanisms among key parameters, thereby… More >

Jun He¹, Jianli Luo¹, Yanling Wang^1,*, Dai Zhou^1,*, Shuanglin Xiang^2,*

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.5, pp. 613-623, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.071773 - 30 November 2025

Abstract Pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) pharmacotherapy faces three fundamental barriers: developmental pharmacokinetic complexity, anatomic-genetic heterogeneity, and evidence chain gaps. Traditional agents exhibit critical limitations: digoxin’s narrow therapeutic index (0.5–0.9 ng/mL) is exacerbated by ABCB1 mutations (toxicity risk increases 4.1-fold), furosemide efficacy declines by 35% in neonates due to NKCC2 immaturity, and β-blocker responses vary by CYP2D6 polymorphisms (poor metabolizers require 50–75% dose reduction). Novel strategies demonstrate transformative potential—CRISPR editing achieves 81% reversal of BMPR2-associated pulmonary vascular remodeling, metabolically matured cardiac organoids replicate adult myocardial energy metabolism for drug screening, and SGLT2 inhibitors activate triple mechanisms (calcium overload More >

Kinzah Noor¹, Agbotiname Lucky Imoize^2,*, Michael Adedosu Adelabu³, Cheng-Chi Lee^4,5,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.2, pp. 1575-1664, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.073200 - 26 November 2025

Abstract The envisioned 6G wireless networks demand advanced Multiple Access (MA) schemes capable of supporting ultra-low latency, massive connectivity, high spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency (EE), especially as the current 5G networks have not achieved the promised 5G goals, including the projected 2000 times EE improvement over the legacy 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled MA techniques, emphasizing their roles in Spectrum Sensing (SS), Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA), user scheduling, interference mitigation, and protocol adaptation. In particular, we systematically analyze the progression of traditional and modern… More > Graphic Abstract

Yong Huang¹, Xiandeng Li¹, Qingling Jing¹, Qin Zhang¹, Chungui Huang^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.11, pp. 2195-2216, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.072716 - 24 November 2025

Abstract Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important cells in bone tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) effectively treats bone defects and nonunion. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether BMP-2 promotes bone formation and femoral fracture healing by inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, in order to provide an experimental basis for developing more efficient fracture treatment strategies. Methods: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were isolated from rats and treated with OE-BMP-2, the 5^′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), and the inhibitor Compound C. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated through… More >

Guanghai Fei^*, Yue Zhang

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.011869

Abstract The regeneration of large-segment bone defects remains a significant challenge in orthopedics. Synthetic bone implants offer a promising solution; however, existing implants struggle to accurately replicate the heterogeneity and graded porosity of natural bone tissue while also failing to meet patients' individualized needs. Leveraging stereolithography-based 3D printing, we developed a halftoning grayscale 3D printing strategy for the precise fabrication of bone scaffolds with complex structures and graded porosity, closely mimicking natural bone tissue. This research focuses on optimizing both the 3D printing process and the performance of graded porous biomimetic bone scaffolds. More >