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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Addressing Class Overlap in Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma Molecular Subtypes Classification Using Under-Sampling and SVD-Enhanced Multinomial Regression

    Isra Mohammed1, Mohamed Elhafiz M. Musa2, Murtada K. Elbashir3,*, Ayman Mohamed Mostafa3, Amin Ibrahim Adam4, Mahmood A. Mahmood3, Areeg S. Faggad5

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3749-3763, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063880 - 03 July 2025

    Abstract Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma (SHH-MB) is one of the four primary molecular subgroups of Medulloblastoma. It is estimated to be responsible for nearly one-third of all MB cases. Using transcriptomic and DNA methylation profiling techniques, new developments in this field determined four molecular subtypes for SHH-MB. SHH-MB subtypes show distinct DNA methylation patterns that allow their discrimination from overlapping subtypes and predict clinical outcomes. Class overlapping occurs when two or more classes share common features, making it difficult to distinguish them as separate. Using the DNA methylation dataset, a novel classification technique is presented to address… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Optimizing Feature Selection by Enhancing Particle Swarm Optimization with Orthogonal Initialization and Crossover Operator

    Indu Bala*, Wathsala Karunarathne, Lewis Mitchell

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 727-744, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065706 - 09 June 2025

    Abstract Recent advancements in computational and database technologies have led to the exponential growth of large-scale medical datasets, significantly increasing data complexity and dimensionality in medical diagnostics. Efficient feature selection methods are critical for improving diagnostic accuracy, reducing computational costs, and enhancing the interpretability of predictive models. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), a widely used metaheuristic inspired by swarm intelligence, has shown considerable promise in feature selection tasks. However, conventional PSO often suffers from premature convergence and limited exploration capabilities, particularly in high-dimensional spaces. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an enhanced PSO framework incorporating Orthogonal… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Optimization of Guide Vane Geometry in a Pump-as-Turbine through an Orthogonal Test Approach

    Fengxia Shi1,2, Pengcheng Wang1,*, Haonan Zhan1, Xiangyun Shi1

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 1221-1238, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.062244 - 30 May 2025

    Abstract To investigate the impact of guide vane geometry—specifically, outlet angle, blade count, and radial height—on the performance of a Pump as Turbine (PAT), radial guide vanes were introduced upstream of the impeller in an IS80-50-315 low-specific-speed centrifugal PAT. Using an orthogonal test design, numerical simulations were conducted on 16 different PAT configurations, and the influence of vane geometry on performance was analyzed through a range analysis to determine the optimal parameter combinations. The results indicate that the number of guide vane blades significantly affects both the hydraulic efficiency and water head of the PAT under More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Advances in PGPR-Mediated Plant-Pathogen Control for Food Security and Ecosystem Stability

    Sajid Ali*, Yong-Sun Moon*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.5, pp. 1419-1451, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064284 - 29 May 2025

    Abstract This review focused on the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in enhancing plant growth and protecting against pathogens, highlighting their mechanisms of action, ecological benefits, and challenges. PGPR mediate plant growth through several mechanisms, including nutrient acquisition, production of antimicrobial compounds and induction of systemic resistance. These mechanisms are critical in improving crop yields, especially under stressful conditions. This review examines the molecular mechanisms of PGPR-mediated plant pathogen control, cellular mechanisms of PGPR in plant pathogen control, ecological and environmental benefits of PGPR application. Despite their potential, PGPR application is limited by environmental variability,… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The Role of Pesticides in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A Review of Possible Mechanisms

    CARLOS ALFONSO FLORES-GUTIéRREZ1, ERANDIS DHENI TORRES-SáNCHEZ1, EMMANUEL REYES-URIBE1, JUAN HERIBERTO TORRES-JASSO2, JOEL SALAZAR-FLORES1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.5, pp. 767-787, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.062225 - 27 May 2025

    Abstract Pesticides are chemical substances used to eliminate various pests. Currently, more than two million tons of pesticides are used annually in developing and developed countries. One of the chronic diseases associated with pesticide poisoning is diabetes. This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved in the development of diabetes after pesticide poisoning. Relevant information was collected between January and May 2024, using databases such as PubMed, Google Academic, and Elsevier. Pesticides reduce the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestine, thereby decreasing the release of insulin. Moreover, pesticides are metabolized to acetic More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A UAV Path-Planning Approach for Urban Environmental Event Monitoring

    Huiru Cao1, Shaoxin Li2, Xiaomin Li3,*, Yongxin Liu4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 5575-5593, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061954 - 19 May 2025

    Abstract Efficient flight path design for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in urban environmental event monitoring remains a critical challenge, particularly in prioritizing high-risk zones within complex urban landscapes. Current UAV path planning methodologies often inadequately account for environmental risk factors and exhibit limitations in balancing global and local optimization efficiency. To address these gaps, this study proposes a hybrid path planning framework integrating an improved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm with an Orthogonal Jump Point Search (OJPS) algorithm. Firstly, a two-dimensional grid model is constructed to simulate urban environments, with key monitoring nodes selected based on… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Analysis of the Stability of Filter Materials for Dust Removal and Denitration Integrated Applications

    Wei Dong1,2,3,4, Fuping Qian5,*, Gang Li1,*, Shi’an Zhou5, Lei Ding2,4, Qingda Gao5, Xuemin Zeng1

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.4, pp. 833-849, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.056060 - 06 May 2025

    Abstract Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) present significant risks to both human health and environmental sustainability. The Integrated Dust Removal and Denitrification Technology (DRDt) offers a more efficient and cost-effective solution for achieving ultralow industrial flue gas emissions; however, its effectiveness is undermined by low catalyst load rates and poor stability in filter materials. This study addresses these limitations by modifying conventional PTFE filter media (PTFE-Tim) through the incorporation of sodium alginate (SA) and dopamine (DA) as modifiers, resulting in two new filter materials: PTFE–SA–MOF and PTFE–DA–MOF. By optimizing the parameters of an orthogonal experimental… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    First Occurrence of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Wilt Disease Caused by Neocosmospora falciformis in Saudi Arabia as Corroborated by Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity Test

    Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail1,2,*, Khalid Alhudaib1, Donato Magistà3,4

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 679-693, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062196 - 31 March 2025

    Abstract Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions. In this study, coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan, El Baha, Najran, and Asir regions. The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees. The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS, TEF1-α, RPB2, and CaM. Twenty-five isolates… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Optimization of a Perforator Nozzle Based on the Constant Velocity of Jet Core

    Aihua Tao1, Chao Li1, Zhijun Jie1, Yong Zhang1, Xing Chen1, Weili Liu2,3,*

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 645-656, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.059545 - 01 April 2025

    Abstract Hydraulic sandblasting perforation plays a crucial role in the fracturing and reconstruction of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. The jet nozzle is an essential part of the hydraulic perforation tool. Insufficient penetration depth, caused by excessive jet distances, presents challenges during the perforation process. To overcome this, an optimization design of the nozzle structure is required to enhance the perforation efficiency. In this paper, a computational fluid-dynamic model for conical-cylindrical nozzles has been elaborated. To further improve the rock-breaking efficiency of the jet nozzle, a fillet design is introduced at the nozzle inlet section. The… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    GC-MS Profiling, In Vitro and In Silico Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Origanum elongatum Essential Oil: Novel Source against Phytopathogenic Bacteria

    Amine Batbat1,2, Mohamed El Fadili3, Naoufal El Hachlafi4,*, Amine Elbouzidi5,*, Chaymae Hmimen6, Hiba Yahyaoui2,7, Samir Jeddi6, Abdellatif Benbouazza2, Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim6, Mohamed Addi5, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli8, Khaoula Habbadi2, Hassane Greche1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 481-501, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059841 - 06 March 2025

    Abstract This study highlights the regulatory potential antibacterial and antiradical of Origanum elongatum essential oil (EO), an endemic medicinal plant of Morocco used for its various properties. The chemical composition of the EO was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity against different agricultural phytopathogens was determined by disc diffusion and microatmosphere methods, as well as by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays. To complement the experimental analyses, a molecular docking approach was used to predict and elucidate… More >

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