Zhihong Wang^1,#, Wei Wei^1,2,#, Song Wang¹, Bingli Zhou², Yingle Chen¹, Liu Yang¹, Qiaoguang Li², Lei Zeng^1,*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.42, No.2, pp. 449-462, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2025.066668 - 14 July 2025

Abstract In this study, 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (ECC) and refined Camellia oleifera seed oil (RCOSO) obtained from saponification and acidified hydrolysis has been used as raw materials to perform ring-opening reactions for the preparation of cyclohexyl acrylate derivative (CAR). The structure of the synthesized product was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CAR was employed as a plasticizer to produce modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films, dioctyl phthalate plasticizer (DOP) used in reference samples to investigate the influence of different plasticizer molecular structures on the properties of PVC films. Observation suggested that (1) CAR More >

Zhen-Yu Chen¹, Yue-RU Wang¹, De-Yi Teng¹, Yan-Fang Xue¹, Gui-Chang Jiang^1,2,*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.42, No.2, pp. 359-377, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2025.063342 - 14 July 2025

Abstract PU, or polyurethane, features a repeating urethane group (-NH-COO-) in its molecular structure. Traditionally, PUs are synthesized from isocyanate and polyol compounds derived from fossil resources through polymerization reactions. The depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing climate problems call for the expansion of more renewable sources of chemicals, such as modern biomass. However, the conversion of biomass into chemicals is challenging due to the inherent molecular complexity of its composition. In recent years, advances in green chemistry have led researchers to focus on developing bio-based polyurethanes by sourcing polyols, isocyanates, and chain extender precursors More >

Wuyi Zhu¹, Meng Zou¹, Wenji Liu¹, Linlin Cui^2,*

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 363-377, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2025.065708 - 14 July 2025

Abstract Exploring the spatiotemporal changes in Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC) helps to more accurately understand the quality of the ecological environment, which is of great significance for regional ecological protection and sustainable economic development. The study takes the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration as the research area, analyzes the characteristics and trends of vegetation cover changes from 2000 to 2020 using the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, and explores its driving factors based on the enhanced regression tree model. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the annual FVC of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration showed a… More >

Syed Atir Raza^1,2, Muhammad Shoaib Farooq¹, Uzma Farooq³, Hanen Karamti ⁴, Tahir Khurshaid^5,*, Imran Ashraf^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3149-3173, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063255 - 03 July 2025

Abstract Urdu, a prominent subcontinental language, serves as a versatile means of communication. However, its handwritten expressions present challenges for optical character recognition (OCR). While various OCR techniques have been proposed, most of them focus on recognizing printed Urdu characters and digits. To the best of our knowledge, very little research has focused solely on Urdu pure handwriting recognition, and the results of such proposed methods are often inadequate. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to recognizing Urdu pure handwritten digits and characters using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Our proposed method utilizes convolutional layers… More >

Riza Hayati Ifroh, Xiaosong Gai^*

International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, Vol.27, No.6, pp. 787-807, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ijmhp.2025.065065 - 30 June 2025

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a significant issue in adolescent health due to their robust correlation with deficits in executive functions (EF) and health risk behaviors (HRBs). This study aimed to examine the association between ACEs and a range of HRBs, including substance use, sexual risk behavior, suicidal ideation, physical inactivity, and violence. Methods: This cross-sectional study used self-administered questionnaire and cluster sampling in seven junior high schools in Samarinda, Indonesia, with a sample size of 534 students. Data analysis using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, the independent t-test, ANOVA, binary logistic regression, and mediation… More >

Seongsoo Cho¹, Yeonwoo Lee^2,*, Cheolhee Yoon^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.3, pp. 3769-3793, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.066298 - 30 June 2025

Abstract As vehicular networks grow increasingly complex due to high node mobility and dynamic traffic conditions, efficient clustering mechanisms are vital to ensure stable and scalable communication. Recent studies have emphasized the need for adaptive clustering strategies to improve performance in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This paper presents the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Vehicular Network Clustering (GOA-VNET) algorithm, an innovative approach to optimal vehicular clustering in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), leveraging the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) to address the critical challenges of traffic congestion and communication inefficiencies in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The proposed GOA-VNET employs an… More >

Abu Saleh Musa Miah¹, Md Mahbubur Rahman Tusher², Md. Moazzem Hossain², Md Mamun Hossain², Md Abdur Rahim³, Md Ekramul Hamid⁴, Md. Saiful Islam⁴, Jungpil Shin^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.3, pp. 2573-2614, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.064168 - 30 June 2025

Abstract Advanced artificial intelligence technologies such as ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) have significantly impacted fields such as education and research in recent years. ChatGPT benefits students and educators by providing personalized feedback, facilitating interactive learning, and introducing innovative teaching methods. While many researchers have studied ChatGPT across various subject domains, few analyses have focused on the engineering domain, particularly in addressing the risks of academic dishonesty and potential declines in critical thinking skills. To address this gap, this study explores both the opportunities and limitations of ChatGPT in engineering contexts through a two-part… More >

Zahrah F. Hussein^1,2,*, Abas Ramiar¹, Karima E. Amori³

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 765-817, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.059507 - 30 June 2025

Abstract The deficiency of potable water resources and energy supply is emerging as a significant and concerning obstacle to sustainable development. Solar and waste heat-powered humidification dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems become essential due to the severe impacts of global warming and water shortages. This problem highlights the need to apply boosted water desalination solutions. Desalination is a capital-intensive process that demands considerable energy, predominantly sourced from fossil fuels worldwide, posing a significant carbon footprint risk. HDH is a very efficient desalination method suitable for remote areas with moderate freshwater requirements for domestic and agricultural usage. Several… More >

Roasi A. Flayh^*, Ayser Muneer Flayh

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.7, pp. 2801-2818, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062916 - 27 June 2025

Abstract Double pipe heat exchangers (DPHEs) are normally utilized in various manufacturing uses owing to their simple design and low maintenance requirements. For that, performance enhancement by improved heat transfer is ongoing. Air injections are a good strategy for enhancing the thermal performance of the DPHE. In the present work, the influence of air bubble injection in a DPHE was experimentally investigated, and the system’s hydrothermal performance improvement parameters were evaluated. Two modes were designed, manufactured, and used to conduct the experiments. The first mode was conducted with no air injection, named a single phase mode,… More >

Nan Li^1,2,*, Jingxiong Dong², Liang Tao³, Liang Huang³

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.7, pp. 2957-2975, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062667 - 27 June 2025

Abstract With the continuous expansion and increasing complexity of power system scales, the binary classification for transient stability assessment in power systems can no longer meet the safety requirements of power system control and regulation. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-class transient stability assessment model based on an improved Transformer. The model is designed with a dual-tower encoder structure: one encoder focuses on the time dependency of data, while the other focuses on the dynamic correlations between variables. Feature extraction is conducted from both time and variable perspectives to ensure the completeness of the feature extraction… More > Graphic Abstract