Bruno Špiljak^1,#, Bojan Poposki^2,#, Stjepanka Lešić^3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3269-3292, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068395 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive cancer with high recurrence rates and prevalent resistance to therapeutic interventions. Tumor behavior is largely dependent on the tumor microenvironment (TME) that includes immune cells, stromal components, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the extracellular matrix (ECM), and an associated cytokine network. In this review, we examine principal mechanisms of the tumorigenic transformation, encompassing immune checkpoint disruption, therapy resistance mediated through CAFs, the contribution of hypoxic niches, and several metabolic dependencies that hold potential as future targets. Novel therapeutics developed and/or repurposed, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs),… More >

Kayce Blumenstock^1,2, Vandana Zaman^2,3, Camille Green³, Narendra L. Banik^1,2,3, Azizul Haque^1,2,3,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.10, pp. 1859-1871, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.068773 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Fc Receptor-Like 1 (FCRL1), a member of the FCRL family, contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in its cytoplasmic domain and plays a critical role in B-cell biology. Its expression begins in pre-B-cells, dynamically shifts during B-cell development, and contributes to the regulation of human B-cell activation. Notably, FCRL1 is overexpressed in subsets of naive and memory B-cells, as well as in malignant B-cells, including those in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), an aggressive and often treatment-resistant hematological malignancy. Among FCRL family members, FCRL1 stands out as a promising immunotherapeutic target due to its More >

Sotirios Charalampos Diamantoudis^1,#,*, Androulla N. Miliotou^2,#, Eleftheria Galatou², Stergiani Telliou³, Konstantinos Sideris⁴, Nikolaos Grigoriadis¹, Ioannis S. Vizirianakis^1,2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.10, pp. 1799-1858, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.067216 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Hematological cancer stem cells (HCSCs) is a subpopulation of cells within hematological cancers that, through their characteristics, enhance malignancy and render their therapy more challenging. By uncovering the underlying mechanisms behind characteristic properties such as self-renewal, immune evasion, and conventional therapy resistance, as well as the major differences between other cancers and physiological cells, new and alternative targets can be assessed for use in existing and novel immunotherapeutic interventions. Through the evaluation of the existing literature, one can realize that there have already been several studies addressing the use of stem cell transplantation (SCT), monoclonal More > Graphic Abstract

Prin Sungwan¹, Jutatip Panaampon^1,2, Ratchaneewan Sumankan^1,3, Genki Aoki¹, Seiji Okada^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.9, pp. 2279-2307, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.065319 - 28 August 2025

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal bile duct malignancy. CCA is intrinsically resistant to standard chemotherapy, responds poorly to it, and has a poor prognosis. Effective treatments for cholangiocarcinoma remain elusive, and a breakthrough in CCA treatment is still awaited. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays an oncogenic role by promoting an aggressive cancer phenotype through multiple pathways. While HER2 has shown increasing potential as an effective target for breast and gastric cancers over the last decade, this has not been the case for CCA. This review explores the possibility of targeting HER2 More > Graphic Abstract

Meng Cao, Rundong Zhang, Anlan Hong, Shanyuan Ye, Zequn Qiu, Dongqing Li, Tong Lin^*, Yan Wang^*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.9, pp. 2507-2527, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.064780 - 28 August 2025

Abstract Introduction: Acral melanoma (AM) is the predominant subtype of cutaneous melanoma in Asian populations, characterized by more aggressive clinical features and limited neoadjuvant therapy response. Centrosomal protein 55 kDa (CEP55) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies, but its role in AM remains undefined. Methods: CEP55 expression in melanoma tissues and cell lines was analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Databases (GEPIA, Sangerbox, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and TIMER) were used to analyze the expression of CEP55 and its correlation with clinical data of melanoma patients. Functional assays were conducted in vitro and in vivo.… More >

Liangju Peng^1,2, Tingting Cai^1,2, Peihang Xu^1,2, Cong Chen³, Qingzhi Xiang^1,2, Yiping Zhu^1,2, Dingwei Ye^1,2,*, Yijun Shen^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.9, pp. 2463-2489, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.064331 - 28 August 2025

Abstract Background: Studies have reported the special value of PANoptosis in cancer, but there is no study on the prognostic and therapeutic effects of PANoptosis in bladder cancer (BLCA). This study aimed to explore the role of PANoptosis in BLCA heterogeneity and its impact on clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response while establishing a robust prognostic model based on PANoptosis-related features. Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical data were collected from public databases. Spatial heterogeneity of cell death pathways in BLCA was evaluated. Consensus clustering was performed based on identified PANoptosis genes. Cell death pathway scores, molecular, and… More >

Jiahao Xue^1,#, Jingchang Zhang^2,#, Gang Chen³, Liucui Chen^4,*, Xinjun Lu^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.9, pp. 2309-2329, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.063719 - 28 August 2025

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, largely driven by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitates tumor growth, immune escape, and resistance to therapy. Although immunotherapy—particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)—has transformed the therapeutic landscape by restoring T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses, their clinical benefit as monotherapy remains suboptimal. This limitation is primarily attributed to immunosuppressive components within the TME, including tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). To address these challenges, combination strategies have been explored, such as dual checkpoint blockade targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand More >

ALEX A. FRANCOEUR^*, NATALIE AYOUB, DANIELLE GREENBERG, KRISHNANSU S. TEWARI

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.7, pp. 1511-1530, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.061120 - 26 June 2025

Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise. Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there have been limited therapeutic options for patients. In the last several years, multiple practice-changing clinical trials have led to significant improvements in the treatment landscape. This review will cover updates in the treatment and management of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer with a focus on novel therapeutics, such as anti-PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and hormonal therapy. More >

GIOVANA GOMES CHAGAS¹, RUAN PIMENTA², NAYARA IZABEL VIANA^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.6, pp. 1283-1288, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.055100 - 29 May 2025

Abstract The monoclonal antibodies consist of an innovative form of immunotherapy, capable of defeating several diseases, such as cancer. It is an emergent and important theme, that advances evaluation, challenges, and future perspectives with high relevance to identify gaps in recent studies and to consolidate this general theme in only one research. Its action in Chronic and Acute Lymphoid Leukemia has been evaluated in several clinical trials, which were selected between 2022 and 2023, in order to understand better the monoclonal antibodies that were most studied. The biopharmaceutical compounds Ibrutinib, Obinutuzumab, Rituximab, Venetoclax, and Inotuzumab Ozogamicin… More >

JIAHUI WANG^1,#, HONGCHENG GE^2,3,#, ZHENGYUAN YU^1,*, LINGZHI WU^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.5, pp. 1033-1054, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.058256 - 18 April 2025

Abstract Lung cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death globally. The majority of lung cancer patients initially benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, as the treatment cycle progresses and the disease evolves, the emergence of acquired resistance leads to treatment failure. Many researches have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) not only influence lung cancer progression but also act as potential mediators of immunotherapy and chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer, mediating drug resistance by regulating multiple targets and pathways. In addition, the regulation of immune response by ncRNAs is dualistic, forming a microenvironment for inhibits/promotes More >