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Search Results (55)
  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Non-coding RNAs as potential mediators of resistance to lung cancer immunotherapy and chemotherapy

    JIAHUI WANG1,#, HONGCHENG GE2,3,#, ZHENGYUAN YU1,*, LINGZHI WU1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.5, pp. 1033-1054, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.058256 - 18 April 2025

    Abstract Lung cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death globally. The majority of lung cancer patients initially benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, as the treatment cycle progresses and the disease evolves, the emergence of acquired resistance leads to treatment failure. Many researches have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) not only influence lung cancer progression but also act as potential mediators of immunotherapy and chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer, mediating drug resistance by regulating multiple targets and pathways. In addition, the regulation of immune response by ncRNAs is dualistic, forming a microenvironment for inhibits/promotes More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The effect of concomitant drugs on oncological outcomes in patients treated with immunotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a narrative review

    MICHELE MAFFEZZOLI1,2,#, GIULIA CLAIRE GIUDICE1,2,#,*, GIACOMO IOVANE1,2, MARTINA MANINI1,2, ELENA RAPACCHI1, GIUSEPPE CARUSO1, NICOLA SIMONI3, STEFANIA FERRETTI4, STEFANO PULIATTI4, DAVIDE CAMPOBASSO5, SEBASTIANO BUTI1,2

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 741-757, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057278 - 19 March 2025

    Abstract Background: immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), significantly improving survival outcomes. However, a subset of patients do not respond to ICIs, prompting research into potential predictive factors. Commonly prescribed medications such as corticosteroids, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), antibiotics (Abs), antihypertensives, and analgesics may influence ICI effectiveness. Methods: we conducted a literature search on PubMed to investigate the impact of concomitant medications on the outcomes of patients with mUC, treated with ICIs. We selected the most relevant studies and performed a narrative review. Results: corticosteroids, PPIs and Abs have been associated More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Cancer stem cell specificity as new targets in breast tumor treatment

    ZHIZHENG ZHANG1,#, TAO LI2,#, YUAN LI3, XI WANG4, HAO LIU5, XINYU SHEN5, ANN XU6, TIANSONG XIA1,*, BO XU7,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 811-819, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.050505 - 19 March 2025

    Abstract Background: Breast cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor affecting females, with treatment options including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Methods: This review synthesizes existing literature on breast cancer stem cells and their applications in breast cancer treatment. PubMed, Web of Science, and other relevant databases were systematically searched using keywords such as “breast cancer stem cells,” “immunotherapy,” “gene therapy,” and “cell therapy.” Studies published in English were included, and their findings were analyzed to provide insights into the characteristics and therapeutic potential of breast cancer stem cells. Results: Breast cancer stem cells exhibit unique properties More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Immunotherapy in gastric cancer—A systematic review

    MARTA SANTOS1, DIANA MARTINS1,2,3,4, FERNANDO MENDES1,2,3,4,5,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 263-281, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.052207 - 16 January 2025

    Abstract Background: Gastric Cancer (GC) is the 5th most prevalent and 4th most deadly neoplasm globally. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in GC, potentially improving positive clinical outcomes while addressing the limitations of conventional therapies. GC immunotherapy modalities consist of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Objectives: This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the advances in immune-based therapeutic approaches in GC, highlighting the potential of this therapy as a strategy for GC treatment. Methods: Key studies investigating several immunotherapeutic agents and combination therapies were searched in… More > Graphic Abstract

    Immunotherapy in gastric cancer—A systematic review

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Hsa-miR-214-3p inhibits breast cancer cell growth and improves the tumor immune microenvironment by downregulating B7H3

    YAN LU1,2,#, KANG WANG3,#, YUANHONG PENG3,4, MENG CHEN5, LIN ZHONG3,4, LUJI HUANG3,4, FU CHENG3,4, XINDAN SHENG4,6, XIN YANG4,6, MANZHAO OUYANG3,4, GEORGE A. CALIN5,*, ZHIWEI HE1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 103-121, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057472 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors play an important role in the treatment of solid tumors, but the currently used immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) show limited clinical efficacy in many breast cancers. B7H3 has been widely reported as an immunosuppressive molecule, but its immunological function in breast cancer patients remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed the expression of B7H3 in breast cancer samples using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. MicroRNAs were selected using the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Combination of fruquintinib with venetoclax for the treatment of colorectal cancer

    WEI ZHANG1,3,#, WEICHENG WANG1,#, RUI WANG1, XIAO HAN1, LIJUN ZHU1, WENJIE GUO2,*, YANHONG GU1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 225-234, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.050047 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Background: As a novel blocker of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fruquintinib has been approved for treating colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its dosage and therapeutic efficacy are limited by its widespread adverse reactions. Venetoclax, recognized as the initial inhibitor of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (BCL2), has shown potential in boosting the effectiveness of immunotherapy against CRC. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of fruquintinib combined with venetoclax in treating CRC. Methods and Materials: We developed a colon cancer mouse model with the CT26 colon cell line to demonstrate fruquintinib and venetoclax’s efficacy against tumors.… More > Graphic Abstract

    Combination of fruquintinib with venetoclax for the treatment of colorectal cancer

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Comprehensive molecular characterization to predict immunotherapy response in advanced biliary tract cancer: a phase II trial of pembrolizumab

    RYUL KIM1,#, JOO KYUNG PARK2,#, MINSUK KWON3, MINAE AN4, JUNG YONG HONG1, JOON OH PARK1, SUNG HEE LIM1,*, SEUNG TAE KIM1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 57-65, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.049054 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in a subset of patients with metastatic solid tumors. However, the patients who would benefit most from ICIs in biliary tract cancer (BTC) are still controversial. Materials and methods: We molecularly characterized tissues and blood from 32 patients with metastatic BTC treated with the ICI pembrolizumab as second-line therapy. Results: All patients had microsatellite stable (MSS) type tumors. Three of the 32 patients achieved partial response (PR), with an objective response rate (ORR) of 9.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–25.2) and nine showed stable disease (SD), exhibiting a disease… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Frontline immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients ≥ 90 years with advanced urothelial cancer: a single center experience

    Evangelia Vlachou1, Burles Avner Johnson 3rd1,2, Elizabeth Guancial3, Kara A. Lombardo1,2,4, Jean Hoffman-Censits1,2

    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 11875-11879, 2024

    Abstract Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for advanced urothelial cancer alone and as first line in combination with enfortumab vedotin. Platinum based chemotherapy which is another frontline choice is often not a treatment option for older patients due to comorbidities that increase with age. Despite ICIs being better tolerated compared to traditional chemotherapy little is known about their efficacy and toxicity in patients ≥ 90 years due to the rarity of this population in clinical trials. Our objective was to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients ≥ 90 years.
    Materials andMore >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Renal cell carcinoma: entering the age of biomarkers

    Andrew S. Iskandar, Kevin K. Zarrabi, William J. Tester

    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 11921-11930, 2024

    Abstract Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma is as the most prevalent form of kidney cancer, with the clear cell subtype comprising approximately 75% of cases. The identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers has emerged as a crucial area of research within the field. Despite advancements in treatment, metastatic renal cell carcinoma presents formidable challenges, with survival rates heavily dependent upon the optimal choice of treatment.
    Materials and methods: This review summarizes the current literature regarding the prognostic and predictive value of biomarkers in patients with renal cell carcinoma. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies that reference… More >

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    Research on the Synergistic Mechanism of Photothermal-Chemotherapy-Immunotherapy of Multi-Functional Nanoparticles Against Gastric Cancer

    Erdong Shen1, Ting Pan1, Pan Guo1, Ke Chen1, Rui Xu1, Mei Yang1, Dahe Zhan1, Fang Fang1, Qinghui Wu1,*, Jianbing Hu1,*

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 1-3, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.012772

    Abstract Objective
    This study investigates the synergistic effects of a novel multifunctional nanoparticle on gastric cancer treatment through photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

    Method
    Synthesize hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles and load them with luteolin. Use exosomes to encapsulate the nanoparticles and modify the surface of the targeted peptide GX1. Detect the morphology of nanoparticles using a nanoparticle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. Use Coomassie Brilliant Blue to detect the effect of extracellular vesicle encapsulation. Detect the thermal conversion efficiency of nanoparticles under specific laser irradiation through infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, as well as the release rate… More >

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