Tao Zhu¹, Taofeng Wei¹, Mingdong Yang¹, Junjun Xu¹, Huifang Jiang¹, Wei He¹, Juyan Zheng^2,*, Haibin Dai^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070180 - 30 December 2025

Abstract Background: Aberrant expression of transcription factors (TFs) is a key mechanism mediating tumor immune escape and therapeutic resistance. The involvement of E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family of TFs in immune regulation is not fully understood. The study aimed to elucidate the function of E-twenty-six variant 4 (ETV4) in tumor immune evasion and its potential as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in melanoma. Methods: The expression patterns of ETS family TFs were analyzed in melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to dissect the cellular expression and function of ETV4 in the tumor… More >

Kun Deng^1,2,3, Jianliang Huang^1,2,3, Danyang Li^2,3, Wei Gao^2,3, Minghua Wu^2,3,4,*, Mingsheng Lei^1,5,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069442 - 30 December 2025

Abstract Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) prognosis has seen little improvement over the past two decades. While immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, its impact on GBM remains limited. To characterize the evolving research landscape and identify future directions in GBM immunotherapy, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric review. Methods: All literature related to immunotherapy in GBM from 1999 to 2024 was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. CtieSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct bibliometric analysis and visualize the data. Results: Bibliometric analysis identified 5038 publications authored by 23,335 researchers from 4699 institutions across 96 countries/regions, published in… More >

Xu Guo¹, Yanan Yu², Xiaolin Ma³, Yuanjie Cai^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069274 - 30 December 2025

Abstract Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as epigenetic regulators for tumor hallmarks. This investigation sought to probe the carcinogenic trait of PAN3-AS1 across pan-cancer comprehensively. Methods: We studied the diagnostic and prognostic features and the immune landscape of PAN3-AS1 across pan-cancer by bioinformatics approaches. The hierarchical regulatory networks governing PAN3-AS1 expression in colon cancer were explored via chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase activity assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation, etc. We screened drugs sensitive to WAP four-disulfide core domain 13 (WFDC13) by virtual screening and molecular docking. Results: Single-cell transcriptomics demonstrated that a variety of immune populations abnormally expressed PAN3-AS1… More >

Abdul Baseet Arham¹, John M. Rieth², Michael A. O’Donnell^3,*

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.32, No.6, pp. 605-620, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.063632 - 30 December 2025

Abstract Background: Genitourinary (GU) sarcomas are rare soft tissue malignancies, comprising around 2% of all GU cancers. Due to their rarity, limited data exist on optimal management and long-term outcomes. This study presents a 25-year single-institution experience, evaluating clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes, aims to identify trends over time and potential predictors of prognosis. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with GU sarcomas at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (1998–2023). Data on tumor subtype, staging, histopathology, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated… More >

Fu Zhang^1,2, Miao Lin^1,2, Yuancong Jiang³, Fangjian Zhou^1,2,*

European Cytokine Network, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 1-5, 2025, DOI:10.1684/ecn.2025.0500

Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a key member of the IL-1 family, plays a significant role in inflammation and cancer. Its classic receptors, ST2 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), are predominantly expressed in immune cells such as T helper 2 (Th2) cells and mast cells. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of IL-33 in breast cancer, demonstrating its ability to exert dual functional effects by modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses within the tumour microenvironment. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking IL-33 to breast cancer pathogenesis and its potential as a target for molecularly targeted therapies More >

Khanh Toan Nguyen^1,*, Thi Huong Pham^1,2, Van Lam Ngo¹, Thi Thuy My Nguyen¹, Thi Dao Nguyen¹, Khanh Hung Truong¹, Van Nhat Nguyen¹, Van Thanh Le¹, Ba Duc Ho¹, Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen¹, Thi Ha Phuong Nguyen¹, Thi My Linh Dinh¹, Thi Hong Anh Vo¹, Thi Thuy Phan¹, Thi Hai Yen Le¹, Thi Nhung Ngo¹, Khanh Ha Nguyen¹

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 4013-4028, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.069281 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Objective: Patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with a heterogeneous disease profile and often require multifaceted treatment strategies. This research aimed to investigate the demographic features, therapeutic patterns, and survival outcomes of such patients in Vietnam. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 731 patients diagnosed with stage III NSCLC American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition, at Nghe An Oncology Hospital from January 2018 to August 2024. Descriptive statistics summarized baseline and treatment characteristics. We calculated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) through the Kaplan–Meier approach and… More >

Zhujiang Dai^1,2,#, Xiaoyong Ge^1,2,#, Wenbo Tang^1,2, Chen-Ying Liu^1,2, Yun Liu^1,2,*, Zhongchuan Wang^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 4113-4143, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068473 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Objective: The plastic role of regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) in colon cancer progression and its impact on the tumor microenvironment remain poorly understood. The study aimed to clarify the molecular and clinical role of RFX1 in colon cancer. Methods: We classified colon cancers into subgroups with high and low RFX1 expression and characterized their immune profiles, mutational profiles, cancer immunotherapy and drug sensitivity. By combining RFX1 expression with persistent tumor mutational burden, we proposed a novel nomogram clinical prediction model and validated its predictive performance, and the correlation between high expression and poor prognosis. Results: Compared… More > Graphic Abstract

Si Qin, Shu Tang, Lijiao Xie, Jianbo Zhu, Jianguo Sun^*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 4145-4154, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068300 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Background: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is a rare subtype of primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no established treatment guidelines. We present a case of a young female with PPLELC who achieved a pathological complete response (pCR) in both primary and metastatic lesions after receiving combined immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Case description: We present a 33-year-old female patient with stage IVa (cT2bN0M1b) PPLELC. As a first-line treatment, the patient received seven cycles of nab-paclitaxel combined with toripalimab (a PD-1 inhibitor) and achieved stable disease. This was followed by toripalimab maintenance therapy for nearly 30 months.… More >

Yi Feng^1,#, Haoxin Yang², Guicai Liang¹, Jun Chen³, Tao Li¹, Yingjuan Wang⁴, Jilin Chang¹, Yan Li³, Meng Yang¹, Xilong Zhou¹, Zhiqiang Wang^5,*, Chunlei Ge^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 3801-3836, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.067824 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has limited efficacy in the treatment of immune “cold” tumors. Due to insufficient T cell infiltration and heterogeneous programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, the ORR is only 5%–8% compared with 30%–40% of “hot” tumors. This article reviews the synergistic mechanism, clinical efficacy and optimization strategy of oncolytic virus (OVs) combined with ICIs in the treatment of refractory malignant tumors. Systematic analysis of mechanistic interactions across tumor types and clinical trial data demonstrates that OVs transform the immunosuppressive microenvironment by inducing immunogenic cell death and activating innate immunity. Concurrently, ICIs enhance… More >

Huan Wang^1,#, Jindong Xie^1,#, Na Li¹, Qianwen Liu¹, Wenqi Song¹, Wenkuan Chen¹, Cheng Peng^2,*, Hailin Tang^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 3789-3800, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.067592 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Solid tumors comprise the majority of the global cancer burden, with their incidence and associated mortality posing considerable challenges to public health systems. With population growth and aging, the burden of these tumors is anticipated to increase further in the coming decades. The progression of solid tumors depends on dynamic interactions between malignantly transformed cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy improves T cell-mediated antitumor activity by suppressing regulatory pathways, such as programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1. Nonetheless, its widespread application is constrained by drug resistance. In this comprehensive review, More >