Sara Y. Aldeghaither, Jawaher Alsughayyir, Sabiha Fatima, Mohammad A. Alfhili^*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.11, pp. 2167-2180, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.071827 - 24 November 2025

Abstract Objectives: Targeting epigenetic modifications in anticancer therapy is a promising approach to overcoming cancer cell chemoresistance. The histone deacetylase/DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, parthenolide (PTL), has antitumor activity, but contrasting findings exist on its effect in normal cells. This study aims to examine the non-genomic toxic mechanisms of PTL in human erythrocytes. Methods: Cell death as stimulated by 20–200 μM of PTL for 24 h at 37°C was assessed using fluorescence-assorted cell sorting and spectrophotometric assays. Canonical markers of cell death, including membrane scrambling, oxidative stress, and Ca²⁺ mobilization, were captured by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate, 2^′,7^′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and… More >

Jung-Yeon Kim^#, Min Hui Park^#, Kiryeong Kim, Jaechan Leem^*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.11, pp. 2147-2166, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.070188 - 24 November 2025

Abstract Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) is a cornerstone chemotherapeutic agent for many solid tumors, but its clinical use is severely limited by dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, which results in acute kidney injury (AKI) in a significant proportion of patients. CDDP-induced AKI involves interconnected mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and tubular cell death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of esculetin (ES), a natural antioxidant coumarin, in a murine model of CDDP-induced AKI. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice (8–10 weeks) received a single intraperitoneal injection of CDDP (20 mg/kg) with or without ES (40 mg/kg/day, oral gavage).… More >

Eduard Belskikh^1,*, Yuliya Marsyanova², Denis Melnikov³, Oleg Uryasev¹, Valentina Zvyagina²

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.11, pp. 2093-2123, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.069272 - 24 November 2025

Abstract Elevated homocysteine is a clinically relevant metabolic signal in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Higher circulating levels track with oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, and pulmonary vascular remodeling, rise with disease severity, and may contribute to the excess cardiovascular risk—although effect sizes and causality remain uncertain. This review centers on the homocysteine–carnitine relationship in COPD pathophysiology. Carnitine deficiency, prevalent in COPD, can worsen mitochondrial bioenergetics, promote accumulation of acyl intermediates, and reduce nitric oxide bioavailability via endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling (eNOS). Conversely, restoring carnitine status in experimental and early clinical settings has been… More >

Russel J. Reiter^1,*, Ramaswamy Sharma^2,*, Walter Manucha³, Walter Balduini⁴, Doris Loh⁵, Demetrios A. Spandidos⁶, Alejandro Romero⁷, Vasiliki E. Georgakopoulou⁸, Wei Zhu⁹

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.11, pp. 2033-2067, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.067661 - 24 November 2025

Abstract The development of cancer cell resistance to conventional treatments continues to be a major obstacle in the successful treatment of tumors of many types. The discovery of a highly efficient direct and indirect free radical scavenger, melatonin, in the mitochondrial matrix may be a factor in determining both the occurrence of cancer cell drug insensitivity as well as radioresistance. This relates to two of the known hallmarks of cancer, i.e., exaggerated free radical generation in the mitochondria and the development of Warburg type metabolism (glycolysis). The hypothesis elaborated in this report assumes that the high… More >

Tetiana O. Yastreb^1,2, Mykola V. Shevchenko², Liubov N. Kobyzeva^1,3, Alexander I. Oboznyi¹, Yuriy E. Kolupaev^1,2,4,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.10, pp. 3125-3143, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071822 - 29 October 2025

Abstract β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) is a physiologically active plant compound that has not been extensively studied. It has been shown to increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and enhance seed germination in certain plant species. However, its effects on cereal grains with low germination rates have not yet been studied. This study investigated the effects of BABA on the germination of aged triticale seeds, the metabolite content of seedlings, and the state of their antioxidant systems. The study found that a three-hour treatment of seeds in BABA solutions at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to… More > Graphic Abstract

Xiao-Xiao Luo, Bi Peng, Jian-Hua Wang, Guang-Yuan Hu, Xiang-Lin Yuan, Guo-Xian Long^*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.10, pp. 2903-2921, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066308 - 26 September 2025

Abstract Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) grading based on histopathology cannot always accurately predict tumor behavior of meningiomas. To overcome the limitations of the WHO grading, the study aims to propose a novel oxidative stress-based molecular classification for WHO grade 2/3 meningiomas. Methods: Differentially expressed oxidative stress-related genes were analyzed between 86 WHO grade 1 (low grade) meningiomas and 99 grade 2/3 (high grade) meningiomas. An oxidative stress-based molecular classification was developed in high-grade meningiomas through consensus clustering analysis. Immune microenvironment features, responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and targeted drugs were evaluated. Three machine learning… More >

Carmen Rubio^1,#, Norma Serrano-GarcíA^1,#, Elisa Taddei¹, Eduardo CastañEda², HéCtor Romo^1,3, MoiséS Rubio-Osornio^4,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.8, pp. 1391-1412, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.066320 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Rotenone is a lipophilic herbicide extensively utilized in experimental neurodegenerative models because of its capacity to disrupt complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This inhibition results in reduced ATP synthesis, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and mitochondrial malfunction, which instigates oxidative stress and cellular damage, critical elements in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition to causing direct neuronal injury, rotenone significantly contributes to the activation of glial cells, specifically microglia and astrocytes. Activated microglia assumes a proinflammatory (M1) phenotype, distinguished by the… More >

Antonela Markulj Kulundžić^1,*, Daniela Horvat², Marija Kovačević Babić², Anto Mijić¹, Aleksandra Sudarić¹, Maja Matoša Kočar¹, Tomislav Duvnjak¹, Ivica Liović¹, Ivana Varga³, Marija Viljevac Vuletić^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.7, pp. 2075-2095, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.065961 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Sunflower leaf photosynthesis strongly depends on the leaf position in the plant stem conditioning, which directly affects other physiological processes. Therefore, a study of the leaf’s physiological status regarding the leaf position in the stem was performed on sunflowers in the flowering stage. Eight differently positioned leaves were investigated, starting with the youngest leaf on the top of the stem to the leaves of the stem bottom, assigned as the oldest senescent leaves. According to chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters connected to photosystem II (PSII) processes, significant changes in PSII functioning occurred only in the senescent… More >

Bismillah Mubeen^1,2,#, Ammarah Hasnain^2,3,#,*, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi⁴, Fahad Hakim⁵, Syed Sheharyar Hassan Naqvi⁶, Muhammad Zeeshan Hassan⁴, Muhammad Umer Iqbal⁷, Mahmoud Moustafa⁸, Mohammed O. Alshaharni⁸, Mingzheng Duan^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.7, pp. 1941-1971, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064056 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Plants have long served as a cornerstone for drug discovery, offering a vast repertoire of bioactive compounds with proven efficacy in combating oxidative stress, a pivotal driver of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. This review synthesizes current knowledge on plant-derived antioxidants, emphasizing their mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and quantitative efficacy validated through standardized assays. Key phytochemicals, including polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) through radical scavenging, enzyme modulation, and gene regulation. For instance, lutein, a carotenoid found in leafy greens, demonstrates potent antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values… More >

Young Mae Ko, Tae Hyon Kim^*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1141-1168, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065464 - 25 July 2025

Abstract Ginsenosides, the bioactive saponins primary found in Panax ginseng, possess a complex structure that underlies their diverse pharmacological properties. Ginsenoside Rg3 stands out for its broad therapeutic potential, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Rg3, emphasizing its roles in regulating apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic pathways relevant to skincare and anticancer applications. The unique biological activities of its isomeric forms, 20(S)-Rg3 and 20(R)-Rg3, are highlighted, alongside strategies to enhance its bioavailability, such as nanoencapsulation and prodrug design. Additionally, the synergistic effects More >