Yang Wu^1,#,*, Dong Xu^1,#, Run Shi¹, Mingwei Zhan², Shaohui Xu³, Xin Wang⁴, Jianpeng Zhang⁵, Zhaokai Zhou⁶, Weizhuo Wang⁷, Yongjie Wang⁸, Minglun Li⁹, Zihao Xu^10,*, Kaifeng Su^11,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.073265 - 19 January 2026

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality in men, largely due to therapy resistance and metastatic progression. Increasing evidence highlights the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as a critical determinant of disease behavior. CAFs constitute a heterogeneous population originating from fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells undergoing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and adipose tissue. Through dynamic crosstalk with tumor, immune, endothelial, and adipocyte compartments, CAFs orchestrate oncogenic processes including tumor proliferation, invasion, immune evasion, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and metabolic reprogramming. This review comprehensively summarizes the cellular origins, phenotypic More >

Ke Liu^1,2,3,#, Xia Xue^1,2,3,#, Haiming Qin^4,5,#, Jiaying Zhu^6,#, Meng Jin^1,6, Die Dai⁶, Youcai Tang¹, Ihtisham Bukhari¹, Hangfan Liu¹, Chunjing Qiu¹, Feifei Ren¹, Pengyuan Zheng^1,2,3, Yang Mi^1,2,3,*, Weihua Chen^6,7,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072661 - 19 January 2026

Abstract Background: The gut microbiome has emerged as a critical modulator of cancer immunotherapy response. However, the mechanisms by which gut-associated metabolites influence checkpoint blockade efficacy in prostate cancer (PC) remain not fully explored. The study aimed to explore how gut metabolites regulate death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade via exosomes and boost immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in PC. Methods: We recruited 70 PC patients to set up into five subgroups. The integrated multi-omics analysis was performed. In parallel, we validated the function of gut microbiome-associated metabolites on PD-L1 production and immunotherapy treatment efficacy in PC cell lines… More >

Andong Cheng^1,2,#, Yiding Chen^1,#, Hao Li¹, Feixiang Yang¹, Junlan Jiang³, Sheng Tai¹, Weiwei Chen⁴, Yu Guan¹, Shuiping Yin^1,*, Jialin Meng^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066478 - 19 January 2026

Abstract Background: In clinical practice, approximately 80% of prostate cancer (PC) cases are localized and can achieve favorable outcomes with appropriate treatment. Conversely, some remaining cases exhibit an aggressive phenotype or develop resistance to therapeutic interventions, leading to tumor metastasis and a poorer prognosis. When PC metastasizes to distant sites, the bone remains the predominant location, and brain metastases are regarded as exceedingly rare. Case Description: The current study focused on a rare clinical PC case that presented multiple brain metastases after prostate surgery. The patient was initially diagnosed with PC through prostate biopsy and subsequently underwent More >

Taras Shatylko^1,*, Ruslan Safiullin¹, Safar Gamidov^1,2, Tatiana Ivanets¹, Ramazan Mammaev², Kanan Guluzade², Ilia Rodin³, Gennadiy Sukhikh¹

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.32, No.6, pp. 561-568, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.064572 - 30 December 2025

Abstract Background: Some patients with prostate cancer have elevated gonadotropin levels. It is unknown, however, whether this condition directly influences carcinogenesis in the prostate. It is also unknown whether any specific hormone levels are useful to predict aggressive disease. The potential role of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in prostate physiology is widely discussed. The study aimed to evaluate whether patients with this endocrine pattern have different outcomes following radical prostatectomy. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at the Andrology and Urology Department, National Medical Research… More >

Jordan L. Mendelson^1,*, Jordan Kassab¹, Phillip Westbrook¹, Katie Yang², Anthony Corcoran¹

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.32, No.6, pp. 673-676, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.063770 - 30 December 2025

Abstract Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer is a generally well-tolerated treatment but can rarely lead to complications such as fistula formation. We report a 69-year-old male on maintenance ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia who developed a fistula between his bladder and vas deferens in the setting of ascending scrotal infection. Despite his prior history of SBRT, the fistula was successfully treated with minimally invasive measures. A combination of abscess debridement, urinary diversion, and broad-spectrum antibiotics helped to achieve fistula resolution. The unique presentation described herein highlights the importance of early aggressive intervention for source More >

Manisha Choudhari¹, Shantanu Damle², Rajat Vashist¹, Ranendra Narayan Saha³, Sunil Kumar Dubey⁴, Gautam Singhvi^1,*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.42, No.4, pp. 1199-1229, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2025.072987 - 26 December 2025

Abstract Abiraterone acetate (ABTA) was approved by the USFDA in 2011 for treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). ABTA exhibits poor aqueous solubility, inadequate dissolution, low oral bioavailability (<10%), and significant positive food effects. To overcome these limitations, in the present work, ABTA solid dispersions (SDs) were developed by using hot melt extrusion technology (HME) with various grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HME (HPMC HME 15LV and 100LV) at different extrusion temperatures. HPMC HME demonstrated the ability to prevent drug precipitation for up to 120 min compared to the free drug (10 min), sustaining the supersaturation state… More > Graphic Abstract

Jingcheng Lyu^1,2,#, Ruiyu Yue^1,2,#, Boyu Yang^1,2, Xuanhao Li^1,2, Jian Song^1,2,*

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 445-456, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.068853 - 30 October 2025

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based image recognition system using the nnU-Net adaptive neural network to assist clinicians in detecting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-invisible prostate cancer. The motivation stems from the diagnostic challenges, especially when MRI findings are inconclusive (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System [PI-RADS] score ≤ 3). Methods: We retrospectively included 150 patients who underwent systematic prostate biopsy at Beijing Friendship Hospital between January 2013 and January 2023. All were pathologically confirmed to have clinically significant prostate cancer, despite negative findings on preoperative MRI. A total of 1475 MRI… More >

Abdulbari Bener^1,2,*, Ünsal Veli Üstündağ³, Emir Barışık⁴, Cem Cahit Barışık⁵

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.32, No.5, pp. 401-409, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.067184 - 30 October 2025

Abstract Objectives: The evidence remains insufficient and controversial for evaluating modifiable parameters—such as vitamin D, calcium, ferritin, and uric acid—as preclinical biomarkers to contribute to the prevention and early diagnosis of prostate cancer, a disease with a prevalence of up to 10%–20% in men over 50 and strongly associated with environmental factors including diet (high in fat and red meat), obesity, physical inactivity, and carcinogen exposure. This study aims to investigate the potential biomarker role of vitamin D, calcium, ferritin, and uric acids in reducing the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: The case-control design was… More >

Ana Clara Ciglioni Salustiano^1,2, Gabriela Barbosa^1,3,4, Rodolfo Borges dos Reis^2,4, Amílcar Castro de Mattos^5,6, Athanase Billis⁶, Leonardo O. Reis^1,3,4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3417-3428, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068023 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Objective: The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in prostate cancer progression and may differ across metastatic sites. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment. Methods: A total of 27 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples derived from 17 patients diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, including the primary tumors, and the corresponding metastatic lymphatic and hematogenous lesions from various anatomical sites. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed using antibodies against Cluster of Differentiation 3 epsilon chain (CD3e), CD8 alpha chain (CD8a), Cluster of Differentiation 68 (CD68), Cluster of Differentiation 163 (CD163), Forkhead… More > Graphic Abstract

Wenjie Zhou^#, Jiawei Ding^#, Danfeng Xu^*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3493-3522, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066783 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Objectives: Despite the fact that prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors in men, this study intends to evaluate the predictive significance of immune and metabolic genes in prostate cancer using multi-omics data and experimental validation. Methods: The research developed and validated a prognostic model utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, integrating immune and metabolic gene sets. Additionally, the prognostic gene Adenylate Kinase 5 (AK5) was analyzed in prostate cancer tissue microarrays from Ruijin Hospital. The functional role of the AK5 gene was validated through knockdown and… More >