Ana Clara Ciglioni Salustiano1,2, Gabriela Barbosa1,3,4, Rodolfo Borges dos Reis2,4, Amílcar Castro de Mattos5,6, Athanase Billis6, Leonardo O. Reis1,3,4,*
Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.11, pp. 3417-3428, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.068023
- 22 October 2025
Abstract Objective: The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in prostate cancer progression and may differ across metastatic sites. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment. Methods: A total of 27 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples derived from 17 patients diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma, including the primary tumors, and the corresponding metastatic lymphatic and hematogenous lesions from various anatomical sites. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed using antibodies against Cluster of Differentiation 3 epsilon chain (CD3e), CD8 alpha chain (CD8a), Cluster of Differentiation 68 (CD68), Cluster of Differentiation 163 (CD163), Forkhead… More >
Graphic Abstract