Rohit Samkria¹, Mohammed Abd-Elnaby², Rajesh Singh³, Anita Gehlot³, Mamoon Rashid^4,*, Moustafa H. Aly⁵, Walid El-Shafai⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 1709-1723, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018525 - 21 July 2021

Abstract Fault detection of the photovoltaic (PV) grid is necessary to detect serious output power reduction to avoid PV modules’ damage. To identify the fault of the PV arrays, there is a necessity to implement an automatic system. In this IoT and LabVIEW-based automatic fault detection of 3 × 3 solar array, a PV system is proposed to control and monitor Internet connectivity remotely. Hardware component to automatically reconfigure the solar PV array from the series-parallel (SP) to the complete cross-linked array underneath partial shading conditions (PSC) is centered on the Atmega328 system to achieve maximum… More >

Neelam Sharma^1,*, Harshita Chadha², Karan Singh³, B. M. Singh⁴, Nitish Pathak⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2459-2473, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014305 - 21 July 2021

Abstract Wireless sensor networks are a collection of intelligent sensor devices that are connected to one another and have the capability to exchange information packets amongst themselves. In recent years, this field of research has become increasingly popular due to the host of useful applications it can potentially serve. A deep analysis of the concepts associated with this domain reveals that the two main problems that are to be tackled here are throughput enhancement and network security improvement. The present article takes on one of these two issues namely the throughput enhancement. For the purpose of More >

Moath Alsafasfeh^1,*, Zaid A. Arida², Omar A. Saraereh³, Qais Alsafasfeh⁴, Salem Alemaishat⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 1097-1108, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018187 - 04 June 2021

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gotten a lot of attention as useful tools for gathering data. The energy problem has been a fundamental constraint and challenge faced by many WSN applications due to the size and cost constraints of the sensor nodes. This paper proposed a data fusion model based on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) model to address the problem of a large number of invalid or redundant data. Using three layered-based BPNNs and a TEEN threshold, the proposed model describes the cluster structure and filters out unnecessary details. During the information transmission More >

Ghufran Ahmed¹, Saiful Islam², Ihsan Ali³, Isra Adil Hayder⁴, Abdelmuttlib Ibrahim Abdalla Ahmed³, Muhammad Talha⁵, Sultan S. Alshamrani⁶, Ag Asri Ag Ibrahim^7,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 1301-1322, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017062 - 04 June 2021

Abstract Underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) refers to a procedure that promotes a broad spectrum of aquatic applications. UASNs can be practically applied in seismic checking, ocean mine identification, resource exploration, pollution checking, and disaster avoidance. UASN confronts many difficulties and issues, such as low bandwidth, node movements, propagation delay, 3D arrangement, energy limitation, and high-cost production and arrangement costs caused by antagonistic underwater situations. Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are considered a major issue being encountered in energy management because of the limited battery power of their nodes. Moreover, the harsh underwater environment requires vendors… More >

M. S. Maharajan¹, T. Abirami², Irina V. Pustokhina³, Denis A. Pustokhin⁴, K. Shankar^5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 2995-3013, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016139 - 06 May 2021

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) started gaining attention due to its wide application in the fields of data collection and information processing. The recent advancements in multimedia sensors demand the Quality of Service (QoS) be maintained up to certain standards. The restrictions and requirements in QoS management completely depend upon the nature of target application. Some of the major QoS parameters in WSN are energy efficiency, network lifetime, delay and throughput. In this scenario, clustering and routing are considered as the most effective techniques to meet the demands of QoS. Since they are treated as NP… More >

Cheng Gong¹, Dingbang Xie², Chao Guo^2,*, Sonia Kherbachi³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2127-2143, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016436 - 13 April 2021

Abstract The wireless sensor network (WSN), as the terminal data acquisition system of the 5G network, has attracted attention due to advantages such as low cost and easy deployment. Its development is mainly restricted by energy. The traditional transmission control scheme is not suitable for WSNs due to the significant information interaction. A switchable transmission control scheme for WSNs based on a queuing game (SQGTC) is proposed to improve network performance. Considering that sensor nodes compete for the resources of sink nodes to realize data transmission, the competitive relationship between nodes is described from the perspective… More >

Sung-Jung Hsiao¹, Wen-Tsai Sung^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1899-1918, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015762 - 13 April 2021

Abstract This paper proposes a method for improving the data security of wireless sensor networks based on blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is applied to data transfer to build a highly secure wireless sensor network. In this network, the relay stations use microcontrollers and embedded devices, and the microcontrollers, such as Raspberry Pi and Arduino Yun, represents mobile databases. The proposed system uses microcontrollers to facilitate the connection of various sensor devices. By adopting blockchain encryption, the security of sensing data can be effectively improved. A blockchain is a concatenated transaction record that is protected by cryptography.… More >

Hafsa Shahid¹, Humaira Ashraf¹, Hafsa Javed¹, Mamoona Humayun², Nz Jhanjhi^3,*, Mohammed A. AlZain⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1967-1981, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015259 - 13 April 2021

Abstract An IoT-based wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises many small sensors to collect the data and share it with the central repositories. These sensors are battery-driven and resource-restrained devices that consume most of the energy in sensing or collecting the data and transmitting it. During data sharing, security is an important concern in such networks as they are prone to many threats, of which the deadliest is the wormhole attack. These attacks are launched without acquiring the vital information of the network and they highly compromise the communication, security, and performance of the network. In the… More >

Tariq Mahmood Butt¹, Rabia Riaz¹, Chinmay Chakraborty², Sanam Shahla Rizvi³, Anand Paul^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1877-1898, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014966 - 13 April 2021

Abstract Given the accelerating development of Internet of things (IoT), a secure and robust authentication mechanism is urgently required as a critical architectural component. The IoT has improved the quality of everyday life for numerous people in many ways. Owing to the predominantly wireless nature of the IoT, connected devices are more vulnerable to security threats compared to wired networks. User authentication is thus of utmost importance in terms of security on the IoT. Several authentication protocols have been proposed in recent years, but most prior schemes do not provide sufficient security for these wireless networks.… More >

Adnan A. Hnaif^*, Abdelfatah A. Tamimi, Ayman M. Abdalla, Iqbal Jebril

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.1, pp. 505-519, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016123 - 22 March 2021

Abstract Many routing protocols, such as distance vector and link-state protocols are used for finding the best paths in a network. To find the path between the source and destination nodes where every node is visited once with no repeats, Hamiltonian and Hypercube routing protocols are often used. Nonetheless, these algorithms are not designed to solve the problem of a node failure, where one or more nodes become faulty. This paper proposes an efficient modified Fault-free Hamiltonian Cycle based on the Hypercube Topology (FHCHT) to perform a connection between nodes when one or more nodes become More >