K.K. Kratmann^1,3, M.P.F. Sutcliffe², L.T. Lilleheden³, O.T. Thomsen¹, R. Pyrz¹

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 7-12, 2008, DOI:10.3970/icces.2008.007.007

Abstract This paper concerns the quantification of fibre misalignment in unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (UD CFRP). The motivation for determining the fibre misalignment is described and existing applicable methods are presented. The concept of a newly developed image analysis procedure is described and the test procedures used to verify the robustness and precision of the method are presented along with selected results. More >

I. Yoshida ¹

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.6, No.3, pp. 195-200, 2008, DOI:10.3970/icces.2008.006.195

Abstract A priori information is discussed in order to overcome the ill-posedness of damage detection. We compared Gauss and Laplace distributions to express the uncertainties of a priori information. Uncertainty level of a priori and observation information is related to the balance of a priori and observation terms in the objective function. Maximum likelihood method is used to determine the balance adaptively. The method is examined through numerical simulations of identification problem to detect damage of a bridge based on coupling vibration with moving vehicles. More >

A.Iwasaki¹, K.Yuguchi², A.Todoroki³, Y.Shimamura⁴

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.6, No.3, pp. 183-188, 2008, DOI:10.3970/icces.2008.006.183

Abstract The present study is about study on the diagnostic accuracy of the unsupervised damage diagnosis method named SI-F method. For the health monitoring of existing structures, modeling of entire structure or obtaining data sets after creating damage for training is almost impossible. This raises significant demand for development of a low-cost diagnostic method that does not require modeling of entire structure or data on damaged structure. Therefore, the present study proposes a low-cost unsupervised statistical diagnostic method for structural damage detection. The proposed method statistically diagnoses structural condition by means of investigating the change of… More >

M. Katagiri, H. Onodera¹, H. Ogawa², N. Nishikawa³

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.6, No.1, pp. 72-80, 2008, DOI:10.3970/icces.2008.006.072

Abstract The microscopic mechanism of Hydrogen-Induced Amorphization (HIA) in C15 Laves phases of AB$_2$ compounds is studied. Experimentally, compounds in which the AA internuclear distance is reduced and BB internuclear distance expanded compared to pure crystals show Hydrogen-Induced Amorphization which suggests that the relative atomic size is the controlling factor. We investigate the role of the size effect by static and Molecular Dynamics methods using Lennard-Jones potentials. Our simulations show that in such a compound, the bulk modulus is remarkably reduced by hydrogenation compared to the isotropic tensile load, so that elastic instability is facilitated. This More >

S.S. Chowhan¹, G.N. Shinde²

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.6, No.1, pp. 1-12, 2008, DOI:10.3970/icces.2008.006.001

Abstract Authentication plays a very critical role in security-related applications like e-commerce. There are a number of methods and techniques for accomplishing this key process. Biometrics is gaining increasing attention in these days. Security systems, having realized the value of biometrics, use biometrics for two basic purposes: to verify or identify users. The use of fingerprints, facial characteristics and other biometrics for identification is becoming more common. This paper overview best of Biometric application for security management. The acquisition of biometric data introduces human research and privacy concerns that must be addressed by the organizations. This More >

FU Zhiliang¹, GUO Hua², GAO Yanfa³

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.5, No.3, pp. 145-156, 2008, DOI:10.3970/icces.2008.005.145

Abstract This paper is focused on the micro-damage evolution properties of gray green mudstone under impacting disturbance load conditions for the first time by using the real time CT testing technique. CT images and CT values for rock cross-sections under different impacting disturbance loading levels were obtained. The paper is also to describe process of rock creep damage under disturbance loads and to explore the mechanism of micro-damage. The results have shown that rock failure is easy to happen suddenly rock is in or close to limit strength neighborhood during the process of disturbance. This will More >

Benjamin L. Wong^*, Won C. Bae^*, Kenneth R. Gratz^*, Robert L. Sah^∗,†

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.5, No.3, pp. 197-206, 2008, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2008.005.197

Abstract During joint articulation, the biomechanical behavior of cartilage not only facilitates load-bearing and low-friction, but also provides regulatory cues to chondrocytes. Elucidation of cartilage kinematics under combined compression and shearing conditions clarifies these cues in health and disease. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the effects of lubricant, tissue degeneration, and stress relaxation duration on cartilage shear kinematics during articulation. Human osteochondral cores with normal and mildly degenerate surface structures were isolated. Paired blocks from each core were apposed, compressed, allowed to stress relax for 5 or 60 min, and shear tested with… More >

Lihai Zhang^*, Bruce S. Gardiner^*, David W. Smith^*, Peter Pivonka^*, Alan Grodzinsky^†

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.5, No.2, pp. 133-154, 2008, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2008.005.133

Abstract Cartilage maintains its integrity in a hostile mechanical environment. This task is made more difficult because cartilage has no blood supply, and so nutrients and growth factors need to be transported greater distances than normal to reach cells several millimetres from the cartilage surface. The chondrocytes embedded within the extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for maintaining the mechanical integrity of the ECM, through a balance of degradation and synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans. A chondrocyte senses various chemical and mechanical signals in its local microenvironment, responding by appropriate adaption of the local ECM. Clearly a… More >

Savio L-Y. Woo^∗,†, Matthew B. Fisher^†, Andrew J. Feola^†

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 49-68, 2008, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2008.005.049

Abstract The contribution of biomechanics to the advancement of management of ligament and tendon injuries has been significant. Thanks to Professor Y.C. Fung's writing and guidance, our field of research has done fundamental work on anatomy and biology of ligaments and tendons, developed methods to accurately determine mechanical properties, identified various experimental factors which could change the outcome measurements as well as examined biological factors that change tissue properties in-vivo. Professor Fung also gave us his quasi-linear viscoelastic theory for soft tissues so that the time and history dependent properties of ligaments and tendons could be More >

Maria João M. Vasconcelos¹, João Manuel R. S. Tavares¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.36, No.3, pp. 213-242, 2008, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2008.036.213

Abstract In this work we developed methods to automatically extract significant points of objects like hand palms and faces represented in images that can be used to build Point Distribution Models automatically. These models are further used to segment the modelled objects in new images, through the use of Active Shape Models or Active Appearance Models. These models showed to be efficient in the segmentation of objects, but had as drawback the fact that the labelling of the landmark points was usually manually made and consequently time consuming. Thus, in this paper we describe some methods More >