Yida Wang^1,#, Haiyue You^2,#, Jingyi Gao^3,#, Feng Zhang¹, Xin Ning², Xinfeng Yang², Zhiwen Qian¹, Ying Jiang², Lu Liu², Danping Wu², Yanfang Gu^1,2,*, Daozhen Chen^1,2,*, Yan Zhang^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.085967 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by marked metabolic plasticity, spatial heterogeneity, and therapy-induced adaptive remodeling. However, TNBC metabolism is often discussed as isolated pathways, making it difficult to link metabolic rewiring to immune exclusion, drug-tolerant persister cells, and treatment windows. Here, we propose a functional metabolic operating-state framework to organize recurrent adaptive programs in TNBC. Importantly, the S1–S5 framework is not a clinically validated subtype classification, but a set of coexisting and reversible operating states shaped by microenvironmental and therapeutic pressures. S1 represents a glycolysis–lactate/acidosis barrier; S2 denotes fatty acid oxidation (FAO)/oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-supported… More > Graphic Abstract

Iseult M. Browne^1,2, Susanna Slater¹, Myrto Kastrisiou¹, Mae Alghawas¹, Edward Phillips¹, Mark Beresford³, Stephen R. D. Johnston¹, Zoe Kemp¹, Emma Kipps¹, Marina Parton¹, Nicholas C. Turner^1,2, Alicia F. C. Okines^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.085356 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare triple-negative malignancy with an indolent clinical course distinct from conventional triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Optimal management remains undefined due to limited prospective data. This study aimed to characterise the clinicopathological features, treatment patterns, and long-term outcomes of breast ACC at a high-volume specialist centre, contributing real-world evidence to inform management in the absence of prospective trial data. Methods: A single-institution retrospective cohort study was conducted of 24 patients with histopathologically confirmed breast ACC treated at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust between 2000 and… More >

Ling Li^1,2,#, Shuai Zhao^3,#, Xiaoxiao Wang², Jiahui Du², Zhen Jin¹, Song-Bai Liu^1,2,*, Xiaohua Li^2,3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.083636 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Breast cancer ranks first in global cancer incidence. Due to its high heterogeneity, cancer cells often develop drug resistance during metastasis, leading to therapeutic challenges and poor prognosis. Consequently, breast cancer organoid models have emerged, which can effectively recapitulate the tumor microenvironment and serve as important tools for investigating the mechanisms underlying breast cancer initiation and progression. Breast cancer organoids exhibit interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) while retaining the heterogeneity of the original tumor cells. Owing to these advantages, such models have been widely applied in studies of tumor pathogenesis, disease modeling,… More >

Yongpan Wang^1,#, Weiqiang Huang^1,#, Qizhuan Lin², Helei Cai², Fengjin Dai³, Haiqing Gu¹, Shunyan Yu¹, Libo Jin^2,*, Renyi Peng^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.080113 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by poor clinical outcomes. Owing to the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) expression, TNBC shows limited responsiveness to conventional endocrine and targeted therapies. This subtype exhibits strong heterogeneity, a high propensity for metastasis, and a tendency to develop acquired drug resistance. Its survival and progression largely rely on non-classical signaling pathways, including Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT), and Notch, which collectively impose substantial challenges to clinical management. In recent… More >

Tanzila Saba¹, Muhammad Mujahid¹, Faten S. Alamri^2,*, Roaa Khalil Mohamed Ali Abed³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.148, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.084816 - 27 July 2026

Abstract In the era of artificial intelligence, pattern recognition techniques have become fundamental in advancing medical image processing, diagnosis, and automated disease classification systems. Among various clinical challenges, breast cancer is the second most dangerous leading cause of death in women worldwide. Early and accurate detection of breast cancer is crucial to develop advanced diagnostic methods to control further loss or reduce mortality rates. This study proposes a dynamic graph multi-scale network for breast cancer diagnosis, integrated with multi-scale convolutional feature extraction, a squeeze-and-excitation block, and a graph convolutional network to jointly model local spatial features… More > Graphic Abstract

Zebiao Liu^1,#, Xuebing Zhan^1,#, Mingquan Chen¹, Junxi Lai², Wenli Zhao^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.081173 - 27 July 2026

Abstract Background: Immunosuppression contributes to breast cancer treatment failure, yet Cluster of Differentiation 74 (CD74) function in macrophages remains unclear. This study investigated how CD74 influences M1 macrophage polarization and its functional and expression profiles in breast cancer. Methods: We used bioinformatics analysis combined with in vitro cell experiments. The expression of CD74 in THP-1-derived M1 macrophages induced by Lipopolysaccharide/Interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-γ) was knocked down by shRNA. Polarization markers were detected by WB, qPCR, and flow cytometry. Cytokines were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The phagocytosis and killing effect of macrophages on MCF-7 cells were evaluated by a… More >

Chunwei Huang, Jingyi Kong, Hangxing Ren, Wanchen Zhang, Shi Jiang^*, Xianneng Sheng^*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.085387 - 16 July 2026

Abstract HER2-positive breast cancer accounts for 15–20% of all breast cancer cases. Although the development of monoclonal antibodies (e.g., trastuzumab, pertuzumab), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., lapatinib, pyrotinib), and antibody-drug conjugates (e.g., T-DM1, trastuzumab deruxtecan) has greatly improved patient prognosis, primary or acquired resistance to anti-HER2 therapy remains a major clinical challenge, leading to treatment failure and disease progression. Recent research has elucidated diverse resistance mechanisms, including HER2 signaling pathway aberrations (such as receptor mutations, alternative splicing, and bypass activation), tumor microenvironment remodeling (involving immunosuppressive cells, metabolic reprogramming, and immune checkpoint molecules), and ADC-specific resistance (impaired internalization,… More >

Tingting Yang¹, Meng Guan¹, Xin Guan¹, Lihua Kang¹, Xiaomeng Wang¹, Yanjie Guan¹, Yang Yang², Wei Deng³, Guoxiang Wang^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.083563 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Background: Tumor-driven vascular remodeling is crucial for breast cancer metastasis; yet, the role of tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs in this process remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance and the underlying mechanism of breast cancer-derived exosomal miR-92b-3p in endothelial reprogramming. Methods: miR-92b-3p expression was evaluated in the TCGA cohort and clinical patient samples. The effects of exosomal miR-92b-3p from breast cancer cells on recipient human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were assessed using in vitro angiogenesis, migration, and permeability assays, alongside in vivo murine xenograft models. Mechanistic targets were validated via dual-luciferase and rescue experiments. Results: miR-92b-3p was… More >

Juan Wu^1,2, Yue Wang³, Honglin Yan¹, Juanjuan Li², Chuntao Quan^4,*, Jingping Yuan^1,*, Shengrong Sun^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.081653 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Objectives: Despite the success of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in treating HR+/HER2- breast cancer (BC), some patients experience treatment failure due to CDK4/6i resistance. This study aimed to investigate whether targeting Aurora A kinase enhances CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity. Methods: An Abemaciclib-resistant cell line (MCF7AR) was developed by treating MCF7 cells with gradually increasing concentrations of Abemaciclib. We evaluated the relative protein levels of p-RB, p-Aurora A, Aurora A, and USP22 in cell cultures, animal tissues, and clinical samples. The effect of Aurora A inhibition on reversing CDK4/6i resistance was assessed using cell viability assays and tumor… More >

Zhihao Wei^1,#, Jijie Cai^1,#, Sifen Wang^2,#, Yachen Li³, Libo Luo¹, Jun Chen¹, Fuyu Li¹, Hongyu Nie¹, Ke Gong^4,*, Manbo Cai^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.079281 - 16 July 2026

Abstract Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and accumulating evidence suggests that tumor-associated microbiota may contribute to disease heterogeneity beyond host genetic and immune determinants. Advances in sequencing and multi-omics technologies have uncovered a reproducible intratumoral microbiome in BC, with distinct compositional patterns associated with molecular subtypes, clinicopathological features, and clinical outcomes. Alterations in specific microbial taxa have also been linked to tumor immune status, metastatic potential, and therapeutic sensitivity, underscoring their potential value in disease stratification and prognostic assessment. Although breast tissue represents a low-biomass environment, multiple studies employing stringent… More >