Jia Yan Lim^1,2, Siti Madiha Muhammad Amir³, Roslan Yahya³, Marta Peña Fernández², Tze Chuen Yap^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-19, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070707 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Additive Manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has transformed conventional manufacturing by building objects layer by layer, with material extrusion or fused deposition modeling standing out as particularly popular. However, due to its manufacturing process and thermal nature, internal voids and pores are formed within the thermoplastic materials being fabricated, potentially leading to a decrease in mechanical properties. This paper discussed the effect of printing parameters on the porosity and the mechanical properties of the 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) through micro-computed tomography (microCT), computational image analysis, and Charpy impact testing. The results for both… More >

Yan Zeng¹, Boyuan Guan¹, Zhenan Zhao², Weizhu Yang¹, Shouyi Sun¹, Lei Li^1,*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.010596

Abstract Ni-based single-crystal superalloys (SX) turbine blades of aeroengines are inevitably damaged during using. Therefore, it is of great significance for commercial aeroengines with high economic requirements to repair SX turbine blades reasonably and continue to realize their value by Laser-Directed energy deposition (L-DED). The repairing of SX must maintain the epitaxial growth of single-crystal, so the microstructure adjustment and the inhibition of stray grains are important for the preparation of L-DED SX.
In this work, the single channel monolayer and single channel five-layers SX have been prepared by L-DED. Based on the columnar transition to… More >

A. Ledesma-Juárez¹, J. F. Quintero-Guerrero², A. M. Fernández^1,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.12, pp. 1009-1018, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.2212.1009 - 06 December 2025

Abstract Indium sulphide (In₂S₃) has positioned itself as an environmentally friendly and efficient option compared to traditional CdS, used as a buffer layer in thin-film solar cells that use Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) as an absorbent material. This study provides a comparative analysis of two techniques for depositing thin films of In₂S₃: chemical bath deposition (CBD) and ultrasonic pyrolytic spraying. Their structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties were evaluated. The films obtained by pyrolytic spraying, showed adequate crystallinity and uniformity. On the other hand, the films deposited by CBD had better stoichiometry (In2:S3 ≈ 40:60% at.) and higher bandgap values More >

D. Haouanoh^a, M. Toubane^a,*, R. Talaighil^a, F. Bensouici^b

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 177-188, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.177

Abstract CZTS thin layers were successfully deposited onto both glass and indium-tin oxide substrates using the chemical bath deposition method. The effects of solution pH, deposition time, and annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, and optical properties were investigated. Thermal analysis (DSC/TGA) shows that the CZTS kesterite structure crystallized at 237.2°C. Structural analysis by X- ray Diffraction, Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy, revealed that the kesterite phases formation with the presence of SnO₂cassiterite and ZnO wurtzite structures in the films annealed at a higher temperature with nanocrystalline size. SEM images showed smooth and homogeneous surfaces, with the More >

F. Saker^a,*, L. Remache^a, D. Belfennache^b, K. R. Chebouki^a, R. Yekhlef^b

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 151-166, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.151

Abstract In this work the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method was used to synthesize Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films on glass, silicon (Si), and porous silicon (PSi) substrates. The PSi substrates were prepared by an electrochemical etching method using different current densities at constant etching time of 5 minutes. The CdS thin films were characterized using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical transmittance spectroscopy in the Uv visible range, and electrical characterization (I–V characteristics). The obtained results demonstrated that the morphology of the deposited materials was influenced by the… More >

A. G. Kumar^a,*, V. K. V. Krishna^b, A. P. Lingaswamy^c, S. Masma^d, G. Prathibha^e, G. Sujatha^f, P. S. Kumar^g, T. V. Kumar^h, J. V. V. N. K. Raoⁱ, B. H. Rao^a

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 143-149, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.143

Abstract SnS thin films doped with two atomic % Ag are deposited on a pyrex glass substrates using chemical bath deposition method. The impact of 2 atomic % silver doping on the physical properties of SnS thin films is studied. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that the deposited SnS films were of α-SnS phase with an orthorhombic crystal structure, which remained stable despite the addition of 2 at.% silver. It is observed that the addition of 2 atomic % silver to SnS chemical bath solution does not greatly influence the structural properties of SnS thin film. The More >

A. Ledesma-Juárez^a, J. F. Quintero-Guerrero^b, A. M. Fernández^a,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.2, pp. 97-108, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.222.97

Abstract The evaporation technique fabricates solar cells using the Cu(In, Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) absorber. This technique has strong limitations in preparing this absorber in a large area, necessitating the electrodeposition technique. However, the morphology and crystallinity of this absorber need to be sufficiently adequate to guarantee proper collection of charge carriers since a cauliflower-type growth is favored. This underscores the need for modifications during the synthesis, thermal treatments, and post-synthesis to improve the morphology and crystallinity, a complex and significant aspect of our research. This work discusses the structural, atomic composition, morphological, and optical results obtained for samples More >

A. S. Alqarni^a,, S. N. Alamri^b,

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.5, pp. 493-506, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.225.493

Abstract Abundant and environmentally friendly solar cells materials Cu₂AlSnS₄ (CATS) thin film successively prepared by electron beam deposition system. The impact of various deposition times and post-annealing at 450 °C under nitrogen gas atmosphere on the structures, morphologies, and spectroscopic characteristics of the obtained CATS films were investigated. Both deposition time variation and annealing process were found to significantly affect the crystallinity, bonding vibration, surface morphology, energy band gaps, and Urbach energy of the CATS films. EDX spectra of the films disclosed the existence of all constituents’ elements. XRD analysis of the post-annealed films verified their multiple More >

R. M. Reddy^a, S. Chirag^b, T. Anu^c, A. R. Venkataramanan^d, S. Karthikeyan^e,*, D. Palaniswamy^f, E. Venugopal Goud^a, N. Dineshbabu^g, T. Thirugnanasambandham^h

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.7, pp. 615-624, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.227.615

Abstract Solar cells can transform light energy into electrical energy, possibly removing the need for fossil fuel energy resources. Reflection loss in solar cells is a factor contributing to diminished power conversion efficiency, which can be solved through using antireflective coatings on the cell surface. The present research primarily focuses on the development and application of antireflection coatings on the top surface of silicon solar cells. Sb₂Se₃ was deposited over multi-crystalline Si cells with different durations from 15 to 60 minutes. The influence of thin film Sb₂Se₃ coated cells was investigated through optical, current, voltage and thermal… More >

U. Chalapathi^a, M. Vasudeva Reddy^b,c, C. P. Reddy^d, R. Dhanalakshmi^e, A. Divya^f, K. Mohanarangam^g, S. H. Park^a,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 787-796, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.787

Abstract Recently, cubic SnS shows promising potential for optoelectronic applications, including solar cells. Despite its advantages, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of cubic SnS photoelectrodes remain underexplored. This study examines the PEC performance of cubic SnS photocathodes synthesized on FTO substrates via chemical bath deposition and annealed at 250o C for varying durations (10, 20, and 30 min). The as-deposited SnS films, characterized by a cubic crystal structure (lattice parameter: 1.162 nm, crystallite size: 17 nm), an energy gap of 1.75 eV, and an initial photocurrent of 0.8 mA/cm2 at -1 V vs. Hg/HgO, showed significant enhancement More >