Hafsa Sidaq¹, Lei Wang¹, Sghaier Guizani^2,*, Hussain Haider³, Ateeq Ur Rehman^4,*, Habib Hamam^5,6,7

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.071254 - 12 January 2026

Abstract Numerous sectors, such as education, the IT sector, and corporate organizations, transitioned to virtual meetings after the COVID-19 crisis. Organizations now seek to assess participants’ fatigue levels in online meetings to remain competitive. Instructors cannot effectively monitor every individual in a virtual environment, which raises significant concerns about participant fatigue. Our proposed system monitors fatigue, identifying attentive and drowsy individuals throughout the online session. We leverage Dlib’s pre-trained facial landmark detector and focus on the eye landmarks only, offering a more detailed analysis for predicting eye opening and closing of the eyes, rather than focusing… More >

Hameed H. Ahmed¹, Thaer A. Mezher^2,*, Marwan R. Rashid³

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.12, pp. 1055-1066, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.2212.1055 - 10 December 2025

Abstract Laser ablation in liquids (LAL), a hygienic and effective method for creating high-purity nanomaterials, was used in this study to create cadmium sulfide (CdS) and silver oxide (Ag₂O) nanoparticles. The sputtering process was used to deposit the produced nanomaterials on porous silicon (PSi) substrates, and a number of assays were used to examine the samples’ structural, optical, and electrical characteristics. The CdS sample had a hexagonal crystal structure, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, whereas the AgO sample had a cubic structure. The diameters of the nanoparticles in the two samples ranged from 22.64 nm for… More >

Naeemah A. Aswad, Ayed N. Saleh^*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.12, pp. 1019-1029, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.2212.1019 - 06 December 2025

Abstract The SCAPS-1D software was used to simulate a p–CuI/n–InSe photodetector at 300 K with AM1.5G light. The simulation results showed that, with a quantum efficiency of 97.6% at 800 nm and a responsivity of 0.67 A/W, the ideal absorber layer thickness of 0.8 µm produced the highest overall performance. The specific detectivity was enhanced to 2.5 × 10¹⁵ cm·Hz^1/2 ·W⁻³ and the dark current was decreased by increasing the InSe carrier concentration from 1 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ to 3 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ . These findings show that the CuI/InSe heterojunction’s broadband response, strong responsivity, and low dark current make More >

S. I. Aziz, G. G. Ali^*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 239-253, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.223.239

Abstract This work investigates the photodetector characteristics of lead and cadmium sulfide thin films deposited on porous silicon heterojunction at composites (x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1). The characteristics of all deposited samples were estimated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), highresolution scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), I-V measurements, and photodetector properties. PbS and CdS thin films have been successful, and photodetector properties on the porous silicon surface have performed well using the chemical spray method. An X-ray confirmed that the prepared samples have a crystalline phase structure. Besides, the results indicate that the PbS and CdS thin films have cubic… More >

H. K. Hassun^a,*, B. H. Hussein^a, B. K. H. Al-Maiyaly^a, R. H. Athab^a, Y. K. H. Moussa^b

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.6, pp. 541-550, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.226.541

Abstract Photoconductive possessions through the highly sensitive and responsive in lower applications apply voltages with a charge that effect the product for the photodetector utilizing Copper Sulfide was effective to fabricate and deposit by the means of thermal evaporation techniques following by the heat treatment with applications as the visible photodetector was described. Effects of doping to the antimony and aluminum on photo detectors property were estimated to be below illumination by the utilization of different power densities. The structure with the surface morphology properties was studied by XRD and AFM techniques, a clear effect of More >

Gang He¹, Zhuoyan Chen¹, Mufeng Wang², Xingcheng Yang³, Zhenyong Zhang^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.1, pp. 729-750, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066748 - 29 August 2025

Abstract In rapid urban development, outdoor parking lots have become essential components of urban transportation systems. However, the increasing number of parking lots is accompanied by a rising risk of vehicle fires, posing a serious challenge to public safety. As a result, there is a critical need for fire warning systems tailored to outdoor parking lots. Traditional smoke detection methods, however, struggle with the complex outdoor environment, where smoke characteristics often blend into the background, resulting in low detection efficiency and accuracy. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel model named Dynamic Contextual Transformer… More >

Hao Huang¹, Kongyu Yang^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 5373-5391, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063311 - 19 May 2025

Abstract Many existing immune detection algorithms rely on a large volume of labeled self-training samples, which are often difficult to obtain in practical scenarios, thus limiting the training of detection models. Furthermore, noise inherent in the samples can substantially degrade the detection accuracy of these algorithms. To overcome these challenges, we propose an immune generation algorithm that leverages clustering and a rebound mechanism for label propagation (LP-CRI). The dataset is randomly partitioned into multiple subsets, each of which undergoes clustering followed by label propagation and evaluation. The rebound mechanism assesses the model’s performance after propagation and More >

Diana Abi-Nader¹, Hassan Harb², Ali Jaber¹, Ali Mansour³, Christophe Osswald³, Nour Mostafa^2,*, Chamseddine Zaki²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.1, pp. 279-298, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.056816 - 17 December 2024

Abstract Security and safety remain paramount concerns for both governments and individuals worldwide. In today’s context, the frequency of crimes and terrorist attacks is alarmingly increasing, becoming increasingly intolerable to society. Consequently, there is a pressing need for swift identification of potential threats to preemptively alert law enforcement and security forces, thereby preventing potential attacks or violent incidents. Recent advancements in big data analytics and deep learning have significantly enhanced the capabilities of computer vision in object detection, particularly in identifying firearms. This paper introduces a novel automatic firearm detection surveillance system, utilizing a one-stage detection… More >

A. A. Ahmed^a, G. G. Ali^b,*, N. A. Daham^a

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 81-97, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.211.81

Abstract In this work, copper sulfide (CuS) nanostructure was deposited on a porous silicon wafer for the visible light by spray pyrolysis method. Through this, a series of devices were suggested as a part of the deposit concentration of CuS on n-type porous silicon. Simultaneously, the physical features of the attained film were illustrated. FESEM exhibited that the average nanoparticle diameter increased with the concentration of CuS at orientation (100) and was found to be 47.84 nm, 56.36nm and 71.32nm, while the average diameter at (111) orientation was found to be 37.64 nm, 41.46nm, 55.22 nm… More >

H. R. Hassan, A. N. Abd^*, M. J. M. Ali

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.11, pp. 855-866, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.2111.855

Abstract Using a laser energy of no more than 600 mJ/pulse and a maximum of 500 pulses, this work selectively produced pure copper, indium, gallium, and selenide (CIGS) NPs using a laser ablation method with distilled water and n-type porous silicon prepared by the photoelectron etching method. The material exhibits quantum dot behavior, according to experimental investigations. Porous silicone bases were produced using a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and an etching time of 15 min. Tests XRD, SEM, AFM, FTIR, UV, PL were conducted for the porous silicone and CIGS NPs to ensure that each More >