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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Uniting the Role of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn, the Causal Agent of Cucumber Damping-Off and Root Rot Diseases

    Abdelhak Rhouma1, Lobna Hajji-Hedfi1,*, Nahla Alsayd Bouqellah2,*, Pravin Babasaheb Khaire3, Samar Dali1, Omaima Bargougui1, Amira Khlif1, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani4

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.11, pp. 2857-2881, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057591 - 30 November 2024

    Abstract Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium spp. are entomopathogenic fungi with potential applications beyond insect pest control, including plant disease suppression, plant growth promotion, and rhizosphere colonization. This study investigated the plant growth-promoting characteristics and extracellular enzyme activities of Metarhizium spp. and B. bassiana in relation to phytopathogen interactions and plant growth. Additionally, the efficacy of these fungi in mitigating damping-off and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani on cucumber plants was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results indicate that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae produce indole-3-acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and hydrolytic enzymes. Seed treatment with these fungi significantly reduced disease severity (3.85%–1.86%, respectively)… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Transfer Learning Empowered Skin Diseases Detection in Children

    Meena N. Alnuaimi1, Nourah S. Alqahtani1, Mohammed Gollapalli2, Atta Rahman1,*, Alaa Alahmadi1, Aghiad Bakry1, Mustafa Youldash3, Dania Alkhulaifi1, Rashad Ahmed4, Hesham Al-Musallam1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.3, pp. 2609-2623, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.055303 - 31 October 2024

    Abstract Human beings are often affected by a wide range of skin diseases, which can be attributed to genetic factors and environmental influences, such as exposure to sunshine with ultraviolet (UV) rays. If left untreated, these diseases can have severe consequences and spread, especially among children. Early detection is crucial to prevent their spread and improve a patient’s chances of recovery. Dermatology, the branch of medicine dealing with skin diseases, faces challenges in accurately diagnosing these conditions due to the difficulty in identifying and distinguishing between different diseases based on their appearance, type of skin, and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Automatic Extraction of Medical Latent Variables from ECG Signals Utilizing a Mutual Information-Based Technique and Capsular Neural Networks for Arrhythmia Detection

    Abbas Ali Hassan, Fardin Abdali-Mohammadi*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 971-983, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.053817 - 15 October 2024

    Abstract From a medical perspective, the 12 leads of the heart in an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal have functional dependencies with each other. Therefore, all these leads report different aspects of an arrhythmia. Their differences lie in the level of highlighting and displaying information about that arrhythmia. For example, although all leads show traces of atrial excitation, this function is more evident in lead II than in any other lead. In this article, a new model was proposed using ECG functional and structural dependencies between heart leads. In the prescreening stage, the ECG signals are segmented from… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Mitochondrial-epigenetic crosstalk as an integrative standpoint into gut microbiome dysbiosis and related diseases

    VINíCIUS AUGUSTO SIMãO1, LUIZ GUSTAVO DE ALMEIDA CHUFFA1, LEóN FERDER2, FELIPE INSERRA2, WALTER MANUCHA3,4,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.10, pp. 1429-1442, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.053478 - 02 October 2024

    Abstract The interplay between mitochondria, epigenetics, and the microbiota is intricately linked to both health and disease. Within our cells, a complex molecular dance occurs, where these components intertwine in a mesmerizing ballet that plays a decisive role in our health. Mitochondria, beyond being energy powerhouses, modulate nuclear gene expression through messengers like reactive oxidative stress (ROS) and calcium. Epigenetics, acting as the molecular conductor, regulates the expression of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes through modifications like DNA methylation. The intestinal microbiota itself produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that influence mitochondrial activity. SCFA-induced epigenetic modifications, like… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Tanshinone IIA inhibits NLRP3 activation and attenuates alveolar macrophage pyroptosis via the TREM2/β-catenin pathway

    MIN LIU1,*, XIA LI2, JUN LIU1, YU LIU1

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.10, pp. 1475-1487, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.053227 - 02 October 2024

    Abstract Background: Alveolar macrophage pyroptosis exacerbates inflammatory lung diseases, and tanshinone IIA is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, understanding how tanshinone IIA affects alveolar macrophage pyroptosis is essential. Methods: NR8383 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). We assessed cell viability, pyroptosis, and the expression of triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), p-β-catenin, β-catenin, and pyroptosis-related factors. We also examined the interaction between tanshinone IIA and TREM2. Results: Co-stimulation with LPS and ATP significantly reduced NR8383 cell viability, increased pyroptosis, and upregulated pyroptosis-associated factors. Treatment with tanshinone IIA mitigated these effects.… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Neural stem cell-derived exosomes: a cell-free transplant for potential cure of neurological diseases

    JIAJUN HUANG1,#, WEI WANG1,#, WENTONG LIN2, HENGSEN CAI3, ZHIHAN ZHU1, WAQAS AHMED4, QIANKUN ZHANG1, JIALE LIU1, YIFAN ZHANG1, RONG LI1, ZHINUO LI1, AHSAN ALI KHAN5, DENG LU3, YONG HU6, LUKUI CHEN1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.10, pp. 1405-1418, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.053148 - 02 October 2024

    Abstract Degeneration and death of nerve cells are inevitable with the occurrence and progression of nervous system disorders. Researchers transplanted neural stem cells into relevant areas, trying to solve the difficulty of neural cell loss by differentiating neural stem cells into various nerve cells. In recent years, however, studies have shown that transplanted neural stem cells help neural tissues regenerate and return to normal through paracrine action rather than just replacing cells. Exosomes are essential paracrine mediators, which can participate in cell communication through substance transmission. In this regard, this review mainly discusses the current research More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Heart-Net: A Multi-Modal Deep Learning Approach for Diagnosing Cardiovascular Diseases

    Deema Mohammed Alsekait1, Ahmed Younes Shdefat2, Ayman Nabil3, Asif Nawaz4,*, Muhammad Rizwan Rashid Rana4, Zohair Ahmed5, Hanaa Fathi6, Diaa Salama AbdElminaam6,7,8

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.3, pp. 3967-3990, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054591 - 12 September 2024

    Abstract Heart disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic methods. Traditional diagnostics face limitations such as reliance on single-modality data and vulnerability to apparatus faults, which can reduce accuracy, especially with poor-quality images. Additionally, these methods often require significant time and expertise, making them less accessible in resource-limited settings. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning offer promising solutions by integrating multi-modality data and enhancing diagnostic precision, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. This study introduces Heart-Net, a multi-modal deep learning framework designed to… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and crosstalk with other diseases

    TINGTING LIU#, DINGYOU GUO#, JIANSHE WEI*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.8, pp. 1155-1179, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.051518 - 02 August 2024

    Abstract In China, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) degenerative illness affecting middle-aged and older persons. Movement disorders including resting tremor, bradykinesia, myotonia, postural instability, and gait instability are the predominant clinical symptoms. The two main types of PD are sporadic and familial, with sporadic PD being the more prevalent of the two. The environment, genetics, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, protein aggregation and misfolding, loss of trophic factors, cell death, and gut microbiota may all have a role in the etiology of PD. PD is inversely connected with other More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites on host-microbiota interactions: personalized therapeutics outlook

    POOJA YADAV, NAR SINGH CHAUHAN*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.8, pp. 1127-1143, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.051318 - 02 August 2024

    Abstract A diverse array of microbes in and on the human body constitute the microbiota. These micro-residents continuously interact with the human host through the language of metabolites to dictate the host’s physiology in health and illnesses. Any biotic and abiotic component ensuring a balanced host-microbiota interaction are potential microbiome therapeutic agents to overcome human diseases. Plant metabolites are continually being used to treat various illnesses. These metabolites target the host’s metabolic machinery and host-gut microbiota interactions to overcome human diseases. Despite the paramount therapeutic significance of the factors affecting host-microbiota interactions, a comprehensive overview of More > Graphic Abstract

    Modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites on host-microbiota interactions: personalized therapeutics outlook

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Multi-Scale Location Attention Model for Spatio-Temporal Prediction of Disease Incidence

    Youshen Jiang1, Tongqing Zhou1, Zhilin Wang2, Zhiping Cai1,*, Qiang Ni3

    Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.39, No.3, pp. 585-597, 2024, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.030221 - 11 July 2024

    Abstract Due to the increasingly severe challenges brought by various epidemic diseases, people urgently need intelligent outbreak trend prediction. Predicting disease onset is very important to assist decision-making. Most of the existing work fails to make full use of the temporal and spatial characteristics of epidemics, and also relies on multivariate data for prediction. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Scale Location Attention Graph Neural Networks (MSLAGNN) based on a large number of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) patient electronic medical records research sequence source data sets. In order to understand the geography and… More >

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