E. Ahila Devi¹, K. C. Ramya², K. Sathesh Kumar³, Sultan Ahmad⁴, Seifedine Kadry⁵, Hyung Ju Park⁶, Byeong-Gwon Kang^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 1567-1580, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022539 - 03 November 2021

Abstract A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) involves a group of wireless mobile nodes which create an impermanent network with no central authority and infrastructure. The nodes in the MANET are highly mobile and it results in adequate network topology, link loss, and increase the re-initialization of the route discovery process. Route planning in MANET is a multi-hop communication process due to the restricted transmission range of the nodes. Location aided routing (LAR) is one of the effective routing protocols in MANET which suffers from the issue of high energy consumption. Though few research works have… More >

Amor Smida^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 1613-1623, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022289 - 03 November 2021

Abstract High gain antennas are highly desirable for long-range wireless communication systems. In this paper, a compact, low profile, and high gain dielectric resonator antenna is proposed, fabricated, experimentally tested, and verified. The proposed antenna system has a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with a height of 9 mm and a radius of 6.35 mm as a radiating element. The proposed dielectric resonator antenna is sourced with a slot while the slot is excited with a rectangular microstrip transmission line. The microstrip transmission line is designed for a 50 Ω impedance to provide maximum power to the… More >

Mesfer Al Duhayyim¹, Marwa Obayya², Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^3,4, Anwer Mustafa Hilal^5,*, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁵, Majdy M. Eltahir⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 825-842, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021490 - 03 November 2021

Abstract With technological advancements in 6G and Internet of Things (IoT), the incorporation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and cellular networks has become a hot research topic. At present, the proficient evolution of 6G networks allows the UAVs to offer cost-effective and timely solutions for real-time applications such as medicine, tracking, surveillance, etc. Energy efficiency, data collection, and route planning are crucial processes to improve the network communication. These processes are highly difficult owing to high mobility, presence of non-stationary links, dynamic topology, and energy-restricted UAVs. With this motivation, the current research paper presents a novel… More >

Samira Mujkic^1,*, Suad Kasapovic¹, Mohammed Abuibaid²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 871-888, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021441 - 03 November 2021

Abstract This paper investigates the resource optimization problem for a multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network in which each base station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas and each base station (BS) adapts the number of antennas to the daily load profile (DLP). This paper takes into consideration user location distribution (ULD) variation and evaluates its impact on the energy efficiency of load adaptive massive MIMO system. ULD variation is modeled by dividing the cell into two coverage areas with different user densities: boundary focused (BF) and center focused (CF) ULD. All cells… More >

Anwer Mustafa Hilal^1,*, Lamia Osman Widaa², Fahd N. Al-Wesabi³, Mohammad Medani³, Manar Ahmed Hamza¹, Mesfer Al Duhayyim⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 667-681, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021338 - 03 November 2021

Abstract The emergence of Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G networks translated personal and industrial operations highly effective, reliable, and gainful by speeding up the growth of next generation Internet of Things (IoT). Industrial equipment in 6G encompasses a huge number of wireless sensors, responsible for collecting massive quantities of data. At the same time, 6G network can take real-world intelligent decisions and implement automated equipment operations. But the inclusion of different technologies into the system increased its energy consumption for which appropriate measures need to be taken. This has become mandatory for optimal resource allocation in… More >

M. Rafiqul Islam^1,*, M. Shahinur Islam¹, Nurunnaher Akter¹, Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din², Mohammad Golam Mostofa^3,4,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.91, No.3, pp. 633-649, 2022, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.018074 - 26 October 2021

Abstract Improvement of plant performance under drought stress is crucial to sustaining agricultural productivity. The current study investigated the ameliorative effects of foliar-applied kinetin, an adenine-type cytokinin (CK), on growth and gas exchange parameters, water relations and biochemical attributes of maize plants under drought stress. Eighteen-day-old maize plants were subjected to drought by maintaining soil moisture content at 25% field capacity for 8 days followed by foliar application of kinetin at 0, 75, 150 and 225 mg L⁻¹ (CK0, CK75, CK150 and CK225, respectively) to the plants for two-times at the 9-day interval. Results revealed that drought stress… More >

P. Manjula^1,*, Dr. S. Baghavathi Priya²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 573-587, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.020969 - 26 October 2021

Abstract Recent developments in low power electronic devices integrated into wireless communication technologies resulted in the domain of wireless sensor networks (WSN), which finds in applications in diverse data gathering and tracking applications. Since WSN is mostly deployed in harsh and inaccessible environments, it is necessary to design energy efficient and security solutions. The clustering technique is an effective way to lengthen the lifetime of WSN. But most of the clustering techniques elect cluster heads (CHs) irrespective of clusters. To resolve this issue, this paper presents a new intelligent metaheuristics based energy aware clustering with data… More >

Murad A. A. Almekhlafi¹, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^2,3, Anwer Mustafa Hilal⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza^4,*, Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud⁵, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁴

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 557-571, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.020576 - 26 October 2021

Abstract Using fossil fuels and non-renewable forms of energy has many adverse effects on the global ecosystem, and global demand exceeds the limited available resources. Renewable energy is one of the essential elements of social and economic development in any civilized country. This study comprises a feasibility study of the implementation of PV systems in a hybrid diesel network and analyzes the relationship between the effective uses of photovoltaic systems, the return of energy to the environment, and that country’s national economy. As a potential solution for the public and private utilities, the sunny web design More >

Zilong Jin^1,2, Chengbo Zhang¹ , Kan Yao³ , Dun Cao⁴ , Seokhoon Kim⁵, Yuanfeng Jin^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5991-6005, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021498 - 11 October 2021

Abstract

Cognitive radio devices can utilize the licensed channels in an opportunistic manner to solve the spectrum scarcity issue occurring in the unlicensed spectrum. However, these cognitive radio devices (secondary users) are greatly affected by the original users (primary users) of licensed channels. Cognitive users have to adjust operation parameters frequently to adapt to the dynamic network environment, which causes extra energy consumption. Energy consumption can be reduced by predicting the future activity of primary users. However, the traditional prediction-based algorithms require large historical data to achieve a satisfying precision accuracy which will consume a lot of

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Rao Muhammad Asif¹, Mustafa Shakir¹, Jamel Nebhen², Ateeq Ur Rehman³, Muhammad Shafiq^4,*, Jin-Ghoo Choi⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5889-5905, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020777 - 11 October 2021

Abstract 5G technology can greatly improve spectral efficiency (SE) and throughput of wireless communications. In this regard, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology has become the most influential technology using huge antennas and user equipment (UE). However, the use of MIMO in 5G wireless technology will increase circuit power consumption and reduce energy efficiency (EE). In this regard, this article proposes an optimal solution for weighing SE and throughput tradeoff with energy efficiency. The research work is based on the Wyner model of uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmission under the multi-cell model scenario. The SE-EE… More >