Zujun Ding, Qi Xiang, Chengyi Li, Mengyu Ma, Chutong Zhang, Xinfa Gu, Jiaming Shi, Hui Huang, Aoyun Xia, Wenjie Wang, Wan Chen, Ziluo Yu, Jie Ji^*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070442 - 27 December 2025

Abstract In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation, this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer (IDBO) with Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations. This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm, and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO self-optimization of key parameters K and a. On this basis, Fourier transform technology… More >

Fan Chen^*, Tianhui Zhang, Man Wang, Zhiheng Zhuang, Qiang Zhang, Zihan Ma

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.10, pp. 4099-4120, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069346 - 30 September 2025

Abstract The configuration of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) plays a pivotal role in mitigating wind power fluctuations and enabling primary frequency regulation, thereby enhancing the active power support capability of wind power integration systems. However, most existing studies on HESS capacity configuration overlook the self-recovery control of the state of charge (SOC), creating challenges in sustaining capacity during long-term operation. This omission can impair frequency regulation performance, increase capacity requirements, and shorten battery lifespan. To address these challenges, this study proposes a bi-level planning–operation capacity configuration model that explicitly incorporates SOC self-recovery control. In… More >

Yuqian Qi^*, Yanbo Che, Liangliang Liu, Jiayu Ni, Shangyuan Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.10, pp. 3999-4017, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068054 - 30 September 2025

Abstract The process of including renewable energy sources in power networks is moving quickly, so the need for innovative configuration solutions for grid-side ESS has grown. Among the new methods presented in this paper is GA-OCESE, which stands for Genetic Algorithm-based Optimization Configuration for Energy Storage in Electric Networks. This is one of the methods suggested in this study, which aims to enhance the sizing, positioning, and operational characteristics of structured ESS under dynamic grid conditions. Particularly, the aim is to maximize efficiency. A multiobjective genetic algorithm, the GA-OCESE framework, considers all these factors simultaneously. Besides… More >

Chuan Yuan¹, Chang Liu^2,3, Shijun Chen¹, Weiting Xu^2,3, Jing Gou¹, Ke Xu^2,3, Zhengbo Li^4,*, Youbo Liu⁴

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3573-3593, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067785 - 26 August 2025

Abstract The increasing penetration of second-life battery energy storage systems (SLBESS) in power grids presents substantial challenges to system operation and control due to the heterogeneous characteristics and uncertain degradation patterns of repurposed batteries. This paper presents a novel model-free adaptive voltage control-embedded dung beetle-inspired heuristic optimization algorithm for optimal SLBESS capacity configuration and power dispatch. To simultaneously address the computational complexity and ensure system stability, this paper develops a comprehensive bilevel optimization framework. At the upper level, a dung beetle optimization algorithm determines the optimal SLBESS capacity configuration by minimizing total lifecycle costs while incorporating… More >

Ricky Alfian Dita¹, Sudirman Palaloi^2,*, Rezi Delfianti¹, Catur Harsito³, Muhammad Nevandra Fithra Pangestu¹, Deo Ferdi Ramadhan¹, Tovva Firdansyah Amijaya¹, Farhan Mudzaffar¹, Dimas Raka Buana Putra¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2355-2370, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.064134 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Efficient battery charging requires a power conversion system capable of providing precise voltage regulation tailored to the battery’s needs. This study develops a buck converter with a 36 V input for charging a 14 V battery using the Constant Voltage (CV) method. The system is designed to ensure safe and efficient charging while protecting the battery from overcharging and extending its lifespan. In the proposed design, the converter maintains a constant output voltage while the charging current decreases as the battery approaches full capacity. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used as a control strategy to… More >

Zeyang Zhou^1,*, Zachary James Ryan¹, Utkarsh Sharma², Tran Tien Anh³, Shashi Mehrotra⁴, Angelo Greco⁵, Jason West⁶, Mukesh Prasad^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4795-4813, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.060291 - 19 May 2025

Abstract Accurate capacity and State of Charge (SOC) estimation are crucial for ensuring the safety and longevity of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. This study examines ten machine learning architectures, Including Deep Belief Network (DBN), Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (BiDirRNN), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and others using the NASA B0005 dataset of 591,458 instances. Results indicate that DBN excels in capacity estimation, achieving orders-of-magnitude lower error values and explaining over 99.97% of the predicted variable’s variance. When computational efficiency is paramount, the Deep Neural Network (DNN) offers a strong alternative, delivering near-competitive accuracy with significantly reduced… More >

Steffen Schedler^1,*, Michael Bareev-Rudy¹, Stefanie Meilinger², Tanja Clees^1,3

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.5, pp. 1755-1770, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061962 - 25 April 2025

Abstract Germany aims to achieve a national climate-neutral energy system by 2045. The residential sector still accounts for 29% of end energy consumption, with 74% attributed to the direct use of fossil fuels for heating and hot water. In order to reduce fossil energy use in the household sector, great efforts are being made to design new energy concepts that expand the use of renewable energies to supply electricity and heat. One possibility is to convert parts of the natural gas grid to a hydrogen-based gas grid to deliver and store energy for urban quarters of… More >

Min Liu¹, Qiliang Wu¹, Zhixin Li², Bo Zhao¹, Leiqi Zhang¹, Junhui Li², Xingxu Zhu^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1403-1424, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060256 - 31 March 2025

Abstract To address the issue of coordinated control of multiple hydrogen and battery storage units to suppress the grid-injected power deviation of wind farms, an online optimization strategy for Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems based on measurement feedback is proposed. First, considering the high charge/discharge losses of hydrogen storage and the low energy density of battery storage, an operational optimization objective is established to enable adaptive energy adjustment in the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system. Next, an online optimization model minimizing the operational cost of the hybrid system is constructed to suppress grid-injected power deviations with… More >

Zhengrong Shi^1,3, Hai Hong¹, Yanming Shen^2,*, Jingyong Cai^1,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 885-903, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061976 - 07 March 2025

Abstract Phase Change Material (PCM)-based cold energy storage system (CESS) can effectively utilize the peak and valley power resources to reduce the excessive dependence on the power grid. In this study, a PCM-based CESS was designed for cold storage applications. The optimal number of PCM plates was determined through numerical simulations to meet the required cold storage temperature and control time. Additionally, the air temperature field, flow field, and melting characteristics of the PCM plates during the cooling release process were analyzed. The effects of plate positioning and thickness on the cooling release performance were further… More >

Jian Gao¹, Hongliang Hao², Caifeng Wen^1,*, Yongsheng Wang³, Zhanhua Han⁴, Edwin E. Nykilla², Yuwen Zhang²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 1175-1198, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061083 - 07 March 2025

Abstract Power quality is a crucial area of research in contemporary power systems, particularly given the rapid proliferation of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power. This study investigated the relationships between power quality indices of system output and PSD by utilizing theories related to spectra, PSD, and random signal power spectra. The relationship was derived, validated through experiments and simulations, and subsequently applied to multi-objective optimization. Various optimization algorithms were compared to achieve optimal system power quality. The findings revealed that the relationships between power quality indices and PSD were influenced by variations in More >