Yuan Feng¹, Yajie Si², Jianwei Zhang^3,4,*, Zengyu Cai^5,*, Hongying Zhao⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 4431-4449, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064696 - 30 July 2025

Abstract With the rapid development of the industrial Internet, the network security environment has become increasingly complex and variable. Intrusion detection, a core technology for ensuring the security of industrial control systems, faces the challenge of unbalanced data samples, particularly the low detection rates for minority class attack samples. Therefore, this paper proposes a data enhancement method for intrusion detection in the industrial Internet based on a Self-Attention Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (SA-WGAN) to address the low detection rates of minority class attack samples in unbalanced intrusion detection scenarios. The proposed method integrates a self-attention mechanism… More >

Peicheng Shi^1,*, Yueyue Tang¹, Yi Li¹, Xinlong Dong¹, Yu Sun², Aixi Yang³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3321-3343, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065297 - 03 July 2025

Abstract In the dynamic scene of autonomous vehicles, the depth estimation of monocular cameras often faces the problem of inaccurate edge depth estimation. To solve this problem, we propose an unsupervised monocular depth estimation model based on edge enhancement, which is specifically aimed at the depth perception challenge in dynamic scenes. The model consists of two core networks: a deep prediction network and a motion estimation network, both of which adopt an encoder-decoder architecture. The depth prediction network is based on the U-Net structure of ResNet18, which is responsible for generating the depth map of the… More >

Shitharth Selvarajan^1,2,3,*, Hariprasath Manoharan⁴, Taher Al-Shehari⁵, Nasser A Alsadhan⁶, Subhav Singh^7,8

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3541-3557, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064394 - 03 July 2025

Abstract This research investigates the application of digital images in military contexts by utilizing analytical equations to augment human visual capabilities. A comparable filter is used to improve the visual quality of the photographs by reducing truncations in the existing images. Furthermore, the collected images undergo processing using histogram gradients and a flexible threshold value that may be adjusted in specific situations. Thus, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of overlapping circumstances in collective picture characteristics by substituting grey-scale photos with colorized factors. The proposed method offers additional robust feature representations by imposing a limiting More >

Min Ji^*, Shucheng Yang

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 3075-3103, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064166 - 03 July 2025

Abstract In agricultural production, crop images are commonly used for the classification and identification of various crops. However, several challenges arise, including low image clarity, elevated noise levels, low accuracy, and poor robustness of existing classification models. To address these issues, this research proposes an innovative crop image classification model named Lap-FEHRNet, which integrates a Laplacian Pyramid Super Resolution Network (LapSRN) with a feature enhancement high-resolution network based on attention mechanisms (FEHRNet). To mitigate noise interference, this research incorporates the LapSRN network, which utilizes a Laplacian pyramid structure to extract multi-level feature details from low-resolution images… More >

Qiang Ma^1,2,3,4,5, Zhuopei Wei^1,2, Kai Yang^1,2,*, Long Tian^1,2, Zepeng Li^1,2

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 1011-1035, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2025.060596 - 30 June 2025

Abstract An intelligent diagnosis method based on self-adaptive Wasserstein dual generative adversarial networks and feature fusion is proposed due to problems such as insufficient sample size and incomplete fault feature extraction, which are commonly faced by rolling bearings and lead to low diagnostic accuracy. Initially, dual models of the Wasserstein deep convolutional generative adversarial network incorporating gradient penalty (1D-2DWDCGAN) are constructed to augment the original dataset. A self-adaptive loss threshold control training strategy is introduced, and establishing a self-adaptive balancing mechanism for stable model training. Subsequently, a diagnostic model based on multidimensional feature fusion is designed,… More >

Liaofei Yin^1,*, Kexin Zhang¹, Tianjun Qin¹, Wenhao Ma¹, Yi Ding¹, Yawei Xu^2,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 751-764, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067385 - 30 June 2025

Abstract Flow boiling in open microchannels offers highly efficient heat transfer performance and has attracted increasing attention in the fields of heat transfer and thermal management of electronic devices in recent years. However, the continuous rise in power density of electronic components imposes more stringent requirements on the heat transfer capability of microchannel flow boiling. HFE-7100, a dielectric coolant with favorable thermophysical properties, has become a focal point of research for enhancing flow boiling performance in open microchannels. The flow boiling heat transfer performance of HFE-7100 was investigated in this study by fabricating micro-nano composite structures… More >

Hongen Li, Hongjuan Ren^*, Cong Li, Yecui Yan

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 921-941, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.066512 - 30 June 2025

Abstract The flow field architecture of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathode critically determines its performance. To enhance PEMFC operation through structural optimization, trapezoidal obstacles were implemented in the cathode flow channels. The height dependence of these obstacles was systematically investigated, revealing that a 0.7 mm obstacle height enhanced mass transfer from channels to the gas diffusion layer (GDL) compared to conventional triple-serpentine designs. This configuration achieved a 12.08% increase in limiting current density alongside improved water management. Subsequent studies on obstacle distribution density identified 75% density as optimal, delivering maximum net power density More >

Ans Ahmed Memon¹, Laveet Kumar^1,2,*, Abdul Ghafoor Memon¹, Khanji Harijan¹, Ahmad K. Sleiti²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 833-856, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.064805 - 30 June 2025

Abstract Climate change, rising fuel prices, and fuel security are some challenges that have emerged and have grown worldwide. Therefore, to overcome these obstacles, highly efficient thermodynamic devices and heat recovery systems must be introduced. According to reports, much industrial waste heat is lost as flue gas from boilers, heating plants, etc. The primary objective of this study is to investigate and compare unary (Al₂O₃) thermodynamically, binary with three different combinations of nanoparticles namely (Al₂O₃ + TiO₂, TiO₂ + ZnO, Al₂O₃ + ZnO) and ternary (Al₂O₃ + TiO₂ + ZnO) as a heat transfer fluid. Initially, three different types of… More > Graphic Abstract

Dongfeng Yang, Ruirui Zhang, Chuang Liu^*, Guoliang Bian

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.7, pp. 2673-2694, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062154 - 27 June 2025

Abstract Under the current long-term electricity market mechanism, new energy and thermal power face issues such as deviation assessment and compression of generation space. The profitability of market players is limited. Simultaneously, the cooperation model among various energy sources will have a direct impact on the alliance’s revenue and the equity of income distribution within the alliance. Therefore, integrating new energy with thermal power units into an integrated multi-energy complementary system to participate in the long-term electricity market holds significant potential. To simulate and evaluate the benefits and internal distribution methods of a multi-energy complementary system… More >

Panji Setya Utama Putra¹, Damar Rastri Adhika^2,3,*, Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan Asri⁴, Suprijadi Suprijadi^3,5

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1043-1070, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0002 - 23 June 2025

Abstract The continuous increase in petroleum-based plastic food packaging has led to numerous environmental concerns. One effort to reduce the use of plastic packaging in food is through preservation using biopolymer-based packaging. Among the many types of biopolymers, chitosan is widely used and researched due to its non-toxic, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. Chitosan is widely available since it is a compound extracted from seafood waste, especially shrimps and crabs. The biodegradability and biocompatibility of chitosan also showed good potential for various applications. These characteristics and properties make chitosan an attractive biopolymer to be implemented as food… More > Graphic Abstract